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Venom and Hot Peppers Offer a Key to Killing Resistant Bacteria

Venom and Hot Peppers Offer a Key to Killing Resistant Bacteria


Researchers from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) have identified new ways to combat tuberculosis and reduce bacterial resistance, developing three new antibiotics derived from scorpion venom and habanero peppers.

A team led by Lourival Domingos Possani Postay, from the Institute of Biotechnology’s Morelos campus, created two drugs that demonstrated efficacy against the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, responsible for tuberculosis, as well as against Staphylococcus aureus, a microorganism that in hospital environments can cause various clinical complications, from skin infections to potentially fatal diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, and endocarditis.

The antibiotics were derived from the venom of the scorpion Diplocentrus melici, native to the state of Veracruz. The team was able to isolate two colorless molecules called benzoquinones—heterocyclic compounds that do not contain amino acids—from the arachnid’s toxin.

These molecules have a particular property: When they come into contact with air, they oxidize and change color. One becomes blue and the other red. This behavior allowed scientists to determine their chemical structure, synthesize them in the laboratory, and evaluate their biological properties.

The results showed that the blue benzoquinone has the capacity to act against the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, while the red one is effective against Staphylococcus aureus. Richard Zare, a renowned expert in the field of physical chemistry and a professor of chemistry at Stanford University, participated in this process, which strengthened the validation of the findings.

The project also involved the collaboration of Rogelio Hernández Pando, from the Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, who evaluated the effect of blue benzoquinone in a mouse model with induced tuberculosis. After the trials, he concluded that the molecule works as a highly effective antibiotic against this disease.

Subsequently, the team conducted further tests and found that the same substance is also capable of eliminating other bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, a highly resistant opportunistic pathogen that is often associated with infections in the blood, urinary tract, lungs, and wounds, especially in hospitals.

The molecules obtained from the scorpion venom have already been patented in Mexico and South Africa. Currently, researchers are working on the development of nanoparticles that function as stabilizers and protection systems, so that antibiotics can be administered safely in the body.

According to Possani Postay, the next step is to carry out clinical trials, although he recognizes that these involve considerable investment. For this reason, he expressed interest in collaborating with a national pharmaceutical company to bring the compounds to large-scale production.

From a Sauce to an Antibiotic

At the same time, another group from the UNAM Biotechnology Institute identified a peptide in the habanero chili bell pepper that has the capacity to fight opportunistic bacteria that can cause serious infections, particularly in patients with weakened immune systems.

This project, led by Gerardo Corzo Burguete together with Georgina Estrada Tapia from the Yucatan Scientific Research Center, focused on the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, considered by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen due to its resistance to conventional antibiotics.

The scientists identified a peptide called defensin J1-1 in the habanero bell pepper (Capsicum chinense). Based on this finding, they developed a biotechnological process to produce a drug called XisHar J1-1, which proved effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and has the potential to treat infections caused by fungi.

The procedure involved the genetic modification of a bacterium to induce the production of J1-1 defensin. Subsequently, the modified microorganism was cultured by submerged fermentation, an industrial technique that allows the generation of compounds on a large scale. Finally, the peptide was extracted and purified for use as an antibiotic.



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Martin Short Performs Raunchy Tune at David Letterman’s Netflix Event

Martin Short Performs Raunchy Tune at David Letterman’s Netflix Event


For the 22 years that David Letterman hosted The Late Show, Paul Shaffer served as his band leader, musical director and trusty sidekick. But Martin Short delivered a pretty hilarious run for that latter title by appearing opposite Letterman dozens of times.

Short guesses that it was “definitely in the 50s” while Letterman and his team counted at least 40, plus all the random times he would show up to cover for another guest who canceled at the last minute. The Late Show team made it pretty easy on Short to turn up because, in a way, it was like family to him since Shaffer has been one of his best friends since they met in 1972.

The trio put their chemistry on full display inside Hollywood’s Montalban Theatre Thursday night for Netflix is a Joke Presents: This Better Be Funny With David Letterman. And it was. Letterman hosted Short in the lights at center stage for a 90-minute conversation capped by a single song performance featuring Shaffer at the piano, Short on the microphone and Letterman looking on with a grin from his chair. Just like old times.

As for the tune, Short belted out an original Netflix-inspired tune in a piece of corporate synergy: Netflix presented the special event, Letterman hosts the long-form conversation series My Next Guest Needs No Introduction and Short has a new Lawrence Kasdan-directed documentary Marty, Life Is Short due to hit the streamer on May 12. (Kasdan was in the audience Thursday night as was Short’s entire team, including longtime manager, Brillstein’s Marc Gurvitz, his WME agents and Imagine Entertainment president Justin Wilkes. And Letterman was on stage two nights after an earlier Netflix is a Joke event with John Mulaney.)

“You got to do treat the Netflix lady kind. You’ve got to give her your respect. Then she’ll suck your face till you can barely stand. There’s no pressure for commitment. Dating month to month will do. Then she’ll let you ream and stream her on demand. So, in closing, Mr. Letterman, take to heart the message I’m saying, this chick serves up one hell of a happy ending,” Short belted out. “Just remember, Netflix is a lady. Netflix is a lady to make up and reconcile once you filled up your free trial and you kiss your lady bye-bye.”

The performance closed the show, and the audience responded with a standing ovation, one of multiple during the event. The audience first got on their feet when Letterman came out to start the show, again when Shaffer surprised the crowd moments later and again when Letterman welcomed his pal Short on stage for the conversation. And much like their back-and-forth on The Late Show — well documented in this YouTube clip featuring Letterman and Shaffer — Short came out swinging.

“Let me just say something to you, because sometimes you imply that I’m kind of artificial, but I’m telling you from the bottom of where my heart should be, you have never looked younger in your life. No, really, because earlier today I saw you from a distance and I thought, wow, whatever he’s doing, he should stop,” Short quipped. “But I’m looking at you now. You look like a kid. Is it the RFK all-day pet raccoon diet? That’s what it is. Is it gluten-free Ensure? Because you have that Pete Hegseth post-bombing glow. A lot of people don’t like the beard. You’ve heard that, right? I just wonder if you are here, who’s working the Chuck Wagon? That’s the only thing. You look like someone whose letters would be read at the end of a Ken Burns documentary.”

Letterman loved the loving insults. “Marty, when I think of you, which is not infrequent as a matter of fact, I think of you as somebody who has provided happiness and joy and real fun in my life over the years,” he said in return before getting serious. “Here lately, as I have thought of you in this year, it’s not been that so much. It’s been great sadness for you, and I’m very sorry for your loss, and I’m so happy you could be here with us tonight.”

Short responded with a brief “thank you” as Letterman offered his condolences for the loss of his 42-year-old daughter, Katherine Short, who committed suicide in October. It was one of the few serious moments in a rousing conversation, with the other coming near the end of the conversation when Letterman noted how much loss Short experienced in his youth. His older brother died in a car accident, and at his funeral, his mother started coughing, which telegraphed a cancer diagnosis. She passed three years later, and his father died within a year of that.

Aside from those moments, the rest of the conversation found Short and Letterman in lively conversation as they traced Short’s biography and resume, beginning with being raised in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, before enrolling as a pre-med student at McMaster University. He wound up graduating with a bachelor of arts degree in social work and during his college tenure, he started getting involved in acting and performing in school plays.

After graduation, he was cast in a Toronto production of Godspell, and Letterman quizzed him on the show’s plot and how it paved the way for his career in the arts. He also asked about dating one of his Godspell co-stars, Gilda Radner, who went on to find fame as a cast member on Saturday Night Live.

“She was absolutely as fabulous as you would dream she would be. Every girl wanted to be her best friend and every guy wanted to go out with her because she was just hilarious and in the moment,” said Short, who had previously detailed their relationship in a podcast interview. “I remember the first rehearsal, she came up and went, ‘Hi, I’m Gilda. I’m really excited to see you.’ And then she had a big zit right here [using her finger to cover it on her forehead]. She was as funny as anyone could be and everyone adored her.”

Short and Radner eventually broke up and a few years later, he found love with a woman named Nancy Dolman, who happened to be Radner’s understudy in Godspell. They were married for 36 years until her death in 2010 from ovarian cancer. Short recalled a story from early in their courtship when they were supposed to have dinner with Shaffer and Bill Murray, who at the time was a breakout star on SNL.

“As we were walking there down Flores Avenue, I just said to Nancy, ‘I have to sit down,’ and she said, ‘Why?’ I said, ‘Because I can’t go and have dinner with Bill and pretend to be happy for him while I am sinking [in my career like Leonardo DiCaprio in Titanic]. We sat there on the bench. About 15 minutes later, Nancy said, ‘How long are we going to sit here?’ I said, ‘I don’t know, but I can’t move forward or back. I don’t know.’ Anyway, we went home. We didn’t have dinner with Bill and Paul and then the next night I saw this group in L.A. called War Babies and it changed my life and inspired me.”

So inspired in fact, that he called up Andrew Alexander, former CEO of Toronto’s Second City and said he was ready to join. “And he put me in.” He joined the troupe and eventually became a cast member on Second City Television opposite comedy greats like Eugene Levy, John Candy, Andrea Martin, Dave Thomas and Catherine O’Hara. He segued to Saturday Night Live and the rest is, well, history.

Letterman and Short revisited some of that history, including 1994’s Clifford, Mulaney, Maya & Marty, Primetime Glick, The Associates and more. He also asked Short about his longtime friendship and comedy bond with Steve Martin. He told Letterman that after appearing on his show in May 1985, he immediately went over to Lorne Michael’s apartment to discuss a Western that Michaels had written with Martin and Randy Newman.

“Then the next day I flew to Los Angeles and went to Steve’s house to pick up a script for ¡Three Amigos! I went into his old house on Bedford Drive, and it was a beautiful house, but you walked in and you couldn’t believe what you were seeing — the art and the statues. There was a Picasso, there was a [Roy Lichtenstein], there was a [David Hockney] and I said to him, ‘How did you get this rich because I’ve seen your work?’ And he went, ‘Oh, I think I like this guy.’”

They went on to work together loads of times and Short said that he and Martin made a pact to not do that typical show business thing of working together for months on a film, becoming extremely close and then never seeing each other again. “Steve and I made a conscientious point to not do that,” he said.

At multiple points in the conversation, Letterman brought up Short’s close bond with so many famous people. “I’m in awe of you, and I didn’t really want to get close to you because you have a long, long list of really important friends,” Letterman said. “How do you get that long list of important friends?”

“Well, you have to be kind,” Short quipped of his roster that includes the likes of Martin, Levy, Shaffer, Kasdan, Tom Hanks, Steven Spielberg, Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell to name just a few. To nail the point, Letterman played a clip from Marty, Life Is Short that featured Spielberg filming Hanks and Short on a yacht recreating a Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid scene with Paul Newman and Robert Redford. It had the crowd in stitches, like they were for most of the night, in a reflection of Short’s many appearances on Late Show.

“There were a handful of guests when they appeared on our show, we knew it was going to be fantastic,” Letterman said, praising his pal. “But I knew also I didn’t really have to do much because you would take over and be great and it was just putting on a show for me and I loved it.” Just like old times.



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Scotland v France Women’s Six Nations 2026 TV channel, live stream, kick-off time

Scotland v France Women’s Six Nations 2026 TV channel, live stream, kick-off time



Scotland host France in Edinburgh as the Women’s Six Nations resumes on Saturday.

The Scots will be seeking a response to their 41-14 round 3 defeat in Italy and must be at their very best against one of the favourites for the title.

France arrive in the Scottish capital aiming to keep pace with leaders England ahead of their final-day showdown in Bordeaux, which looks set to decide this year’s winners.

The visitors have made an unblemished start to the tournament, beating Italy, Wales, and Ireland ahead of the rest week.

Radio Times has rounded up everything you need to know about how to watch Scotland v France on TV and online.

When is Scotland v France?

Scotland v France will take place on Saturday 9 May 2026.

The game takes place at Hive Stadium in Edinburgh.

What time is Scotland v France kick-off?

Scotland v France will kick off at 4:15pm.

Check out the Women’s Six Nations TV schedule with our comprehensive guide.

What TV channel is Scotland v France on?

Scotland v France will be shown live on BBC Two.

Rugby experts and former players will provide plenty of build-up to the big game in the run-up to kick-off.

Every match of the tournament will be shown live across BBC platforms.

How to live stream Scotland v France online

Scotland v France will be live streamed on BBC iPlayer for free.

Fans can tune in to watch all the action live and on the move via a range of device, including smartphones and tablets via the BBC iPlayer app.

Check out more of our Sport coverage or visit our TV Guide and Streaming Guide to find out what’s on. For more TV recommendations and reviews, listen to The Radio Times Podcast.



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AI Startups are Measuring their Revenues in Likely Fraudulent Ways

AI Startups are Measuring their Revenues in Likely Fraudulent Ways


AI skeptics have long been concerned with the losses and small revenues of AI software companies. In June 2024, almost three years ago, Sequoia partner, David Cahn, estimated that the AI industry needed to generate roughly $600 billion in annual revenue to justify the money being spent on AI infrastructure including data centers and Nvidia GPUs.

Last month, market research company, Gartner, said that AI companies need close to “$2 trillion per year in revenue by 2029”, token consumption of between 50,000 and 100,000 times its current rate by 2030, and “a 10% profit margin per token.” With huge losses and small revenues, it is not likely that AI companies will achieve these goals on time.

What’s going on here? Usually, companies charge their customers enough money for them to pay their suppliers, and for those suppliers to pay their suppliers. This isn’t happening in AI, however. OpenAI and other AI companies have set prices much lower than their costs to spur demand under the hope that more companies will use AI and then the AI companies will gradually increase their prices, or at least they can.

Those hopes have led to huge losses for OpenAI, which are regularly discussed by Ed Zitron (here is a recent blog). He also covers Anthropic’s losses, which aren’t as big as those for OpenAI, but are still big enough to worry (See here).

These failed hopes have also led to financial shenanigans such as circular financing. For instance, Nvidia invests money in an AI company such as OpenAI and as part of that investment, OpenAI is required to spend that money on Nvidia’s chips.

Other chip and cloud companies are also doing this for OpenAI and other AI software companies to the extent that attempts to show all the investment and purchase connections on a single chart were incredibly complex by late last year.

The latest earnings reports highlight new hype and contradictions from circular financing. The new investments by Google in Anthropic this year are further subsiding Anthropic’s service and that has led to an increase in Anthropic users, an increased valuation for Anthropic and thus increased earnings for Google. These companies are creating higher valuations out of thin air! As long as investors play along, of course.

The bottom line is that circular financing is intended to confuse not enlighten investors and there is less real investment going on than the AI companies are disclosing. Furthermore, please remember that Nvidia’s huge profits have more to do with OpenAI subsidizing its users than Nvidia’s great product, which unfortunately, is lost on many investors.

A new solution that has been pushed by AI companies for more than a year is to use a metric called ARR, or Annual Recurring Revenue, which is a simple way for startups to look like their revenues are bigger than they really are. This is one month of revenue multiplied times twelve, and many companies update ARR every month. Remember that when a company announces their ARR in August of 2026, they are not saying that it will have those revenues in 2026 but actually between July 2026 and June 2027.

Why is this a problem beyond it forcing us to do some mental gymnastics? Simply put, revenues are wildly volatile because of promotions that are constantly made to spur revenues. For example, a startup might count a free three-month “pilot” as three months of real revenue when the user likely will unsubscribe before the payments begin.

I don’t know about readers, but I do this all the time with websites. A website gives me a big discount for a few months, and I mark the unsubscribe time on my calendar, which then sends me a notification the day before I must unsubscribe to the paid plan. Or a startup might write in a contract that the customer will start paying for a certain feature after it’s built. The startup then counts revenue from the months during which the feature is being built. But there’s just no guarantee the feature—or the revenue—will ever come to fruition. 

More recently, a Wall Street Journal article entitled “Can Investors Trust AI Sales Figures” said that “joint ventures by OpenAI, Anthropic and others look as if the companies could be paying partners to use their software, not selling it.” These JVs involve OpenAI and top private equity companies such as TPG, Bain Capital, Advent International, Brookfield and Goanna Capital purportedly selling OpenAI software subscriptions to companies owned by PE companies.

OpenAI is also putting money in; it is giving PE companies about $1.5 billion to distribute the software and PE companies are giving those companies they own about $4 billion to purchase the software. It all looks fishy.

Behind this fishiness, OpenAI’s CFO revealed last week that OpenAI: 1) missed multiple monthly revenue targets; 2) missed its internal target of 1 billion weekly active ChatGPT users by end of 2025; 3) ChatGPT’s share of generative AI web traffic fell from 87% a year ago to 65% in January while Google’s Gemini rose from 6% to 22%; 4) and OpenAI is losing ground to Anthropic in coding and to enterprise customers.

Fraud is nothing new to new technologies. Numerous founders have been convicted for fraud in the last five years. Elizabeth Holmes defrauded investors in Theranos as did Trevor Milton in Nikola, Charlie Javice in Frank, Christine Hunsicker in CaaStle, and Do Kwon, in Terraform Labs.

The difference with AI is that the fraud is likely the biggest ever because the AI bubble is the biggest ever, $35 trillion by one estimate. The size of the bubble has invited every type of huckster or grifter, both big and small, and much of the fraud will likely not emerge for years.



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Politics Home | Cabinet Minister Insists Starmer Will “Stay The Course” As Early Local Election Results Show Major Labour Losses

Politics Home | Cabinet Minister Insists Starmer Will “Stay The Course” As Early Local Election Results Show Major Labour Losses


Cabinet Minister Insists Starmer Will “Stay The Course” As Early Local Election Results Show Major Labour Losses

Prime Minister Keir Starmer appointed John Healey as Secretary of State for Defence in July 2024 (Alamy)



4 min read

Defence Secretary John Healey has said Keir Starmer will “stay the course” as prime minister despite early local election results pointing to major losses for Labour.

While most results are yet to be announced at the time of writing, those that have been declared show Nigel Farage’s Reform UK making major gains in traditionally Labour parts of northern England, such as Hartlepool and Wigan.

Speaking to Sky News on Friday morning, Healey said that Starmer would stay on in the job as he is “determined to do what he believes he’s got a duty to do, and was elected to do  – which is to lead this Labour government”.

Healey added that “too many” Labour councillors had lost their seats, and admitted that national sentiment towards the Labour government has “played a part in making their job harder”.

“What’s happened here is that we’re less than two years into a five-year term of a national government,” he said.

“It’s clear we have to go further. We have to be bolder. Keir would acknowledge we have to deliver more… He would acknowledge that we have to do more to give people a sense of hope for the future.”

However, Healey insisted that Labour could turn it around, recalling that the party lost over 1,100 councillors in the 1999 local elections, two years after its landslide general election victory in 1997, before going on to win the 2001 and 2005 general elections.

“We’ve got to work our way back. We’ve got to win back confidence,” he said.

So far, Reform has seen particular success in the north of England and the Midlands, with Labour losing control of multiple councils.

Councils such as Tameside – which covers former deputy prime minister Angela Rayner’s constituency – have gone from longstanding Labour control to no overall control after Reform gains. Farage’s party also won 24 of 25 seats up for grabs in Wigan, which is the constituency of Culture Secretary Lisa Nandy.

In both Tameside and Wigan, the Greens increased their vote share significantly, showing that Labour faces electoral threats from both right and left.

Hartlepool’s Labour MP Jonathan Brash has called for Starmer to resign after Reform took all 12 seats up for grabs at the local election, with Labour losing its majority on the council after having taken control in May 2024. 

Brash urged the Prime Minister to “set out a timetable for his resignation as quickly as possible”. 

“It’s a terrible result in Hartlepool tonight for Labour,” he said, blaming it on a “failure of leadership at the top of the Labour Party”.

Labour is braced for more council losses across England and is widely expected to be removed from government in Wales for the first time ever.

However, justice minister Sarah Sackman said she expects Starmer to lead the Labour Party into the next general election.

She told Sky News on Friday morning: “Jonathan Brash was making these calls even before tonight. I don’t agree with him. I believe in this idea that you’ve got to go with a plan, not with a mood.”

The minister added: “The country is fed up with the psycho drama of a revolving door of prime ministers… People want stability, and they want leadership.”

However, she said she recognised that the Labour government needed to “tell a better story”.

“We do need a galvanising message,” she continued. 

“We need to be proudly progressive. People want to see leadership, a clear sense of direction.”

She said that government initiatives, including investments in clean energy and bringing the Renters’ Rights Act into force, must be given a “chance to work”.

“But let’s also heed the message that voters are sending us, that they want us to give them that leadership, and to go further and to listen to what their fundamental concerns are around the cost of living, their everyday lives.”

Elsewhere, the Conservatives are showing more signs of bleeding support to Reform, and are at risk of losing councils like Essex, Hampshire and Norfolk to Farage’s party later today.

However, the Tories have won Westminster Council and become the biggest party in Wandsworth, suggesting that London may become a focus of Kemi Badenoch’s effort to rebuild the Conservatives.

The Liberal Democrats have won control of some councils in both the north and south of England, but lost Hull City Council to Reform UK. 

Most of the council results will be declared throughout Friday and into Saturday, as well as the election results for the Senedd and Holyrood in Wales and Scotland.

Additional reporting by Nadine Batchelor-Hunt.

 



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Meet Rassvet, Russia’s Answer to Starlink

Meet Rassvet, Russia’s Answer to Starlink


In late March, Russian company Bureau 1440 brought into low orbit the first 16 broadband internet satellites of the new Rassvet constellation, already dubbed by observers and local media the Russian answer to SpaceX’s Starlink. It’s an ambitious global internet project that experts say could conceal much broader strategic goals, with functions including military and communications control.

The launch took place on March 23 at 8:24 pm Moscow time from the military’s Plesetsk Cosmodrome using the Soyuz-2.1B launcher, and marked the first step in building an infrastructure that is expected to have at least 300 satellites by 2030.

“The launch marks the transition from the experimental phase to the creation of a communication service,” Bureau 1440 announced on Telegram. “The Bureau 1440 team completed this path in 1,000 days, which is the time between the launch of the experimental satellites and the production satellites.”

The goal of the project is to provide broadband internet access with speeds of up to 1 gigabit per second for each user terminal and a signal latency time of up to 70 milliseconds.

The system has been repeatedly compared to Starlink, which in the war in Ukraine proved to be a vital tool for troop communications. Indeed, according to various reports, Kiev managed to disrupt the communications of some Russian units that relied on Starlink by imposing restrictions on unauthorized terminals.

In this context, then, the Rassvet project appears to be an attempt to build a sovereign satellite infrastructure that can potentially be used by civilians and military personnel alike.

Gunning for It

The dual-use nature of the Rassvet project is also apparent from some operational details. The launch of the satellites was carried out not by the Roscosmos space agency but by the Russian Defense Ministry through the Plesetsk Cosmodrome.

A few days after the launch, Russian president Vladimir Putin called the launch of the new constellation “a great event,” while Roscosmos director Dmitry Bakanov said the Cosmodrome would suffer “attempted attacks” on the day of the launch.

“Like all satellites intended for communications, they are also capable of military functions, and given the high effectiveness of Starlink’s use on the battlefield, Rassvet will also find use there,” says Vitalij Egorov, a space expert and host of the YouTube channel Otkrytyj Kosmos Zelenogo Kota, or The Open Universe of the Green Cat.

The size of the Rassvet terminals—several times larger and heavier than those in Starlink—may cause some limitations to the network, Egorov says. “Still, the fact that Rassvet’s ‘private satellites’ were launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome shows the great interest the Russian Defense Ministry has in the success of this project. The Russian Ministry of Communications is also allocating funds for the project, which means that the state is directly participating in the Rassvet project.”

Independent Russian press reports funding for Rassvet of 100 billion rubles (about $1.34 billion) from the Russian Ministry of Communications, with the company reportedly ready to invest another 300 billion rubles.

Rassvet vs. Starlink

“Rassvet satellites are similar to those of Starlink,” Egorov says. “They are a constellation of satellites for internet transmission, but it would be more accurate to compare them more to the OneWeb system than to Starlink, because Rassvet is intended for commercial companies, state-owned companies, and government customers. In addition, Rassvet plans to reach … about 350 satellites by 2030, while Starlink already has thousands.”

The real challenge for Bureau 1440, then, will not be so much putting the first satellites into orbit as industrializing the system on a large scale, Egorov says. To get to a constellation of about 300 satellites in the next few years, the company would need to be able to produce one or two satellites a week—a pace the Russian space industry has never achieved. So far, Egorov notes, only Starlink and OneWeb have been able to sustain such serial production.



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Four expert make-up tips to make hooded eyes look brighter and bigger

Four expert make-up tips to make hooded eyes look brighter and bigger


For many, the frustration of eyeshadow disappearing the moment eyes open, or eyeliner appearing heavy and broken, points to one common culprit: hooded eyes.

But this distinctive eye shape needn’t be a beauty challenge.

With a few strategic make-up adjustments, hooded eyes can achieve a lifted and bright appearance.

New York-based make-up artist Laura Geller says: “It’s all about adjusting your placement and technique to work with your eye shape, not against it.”

Here’s how to master eye make-up for hooded eyes, guided by expert advice.

What are hooded eyes?

Actor Jennifer Lawrence has hooded eyes
Actor Jennifer Lawrence has hooded eyes (Getty)

“Hooded eyes are when the eyelid has less visible space because the skin folds over the crease of the eyelid,” explains Geller.

It’s a completely natural eye shape, and one that can also become more pronounced with age as the skin on the eyelid begins to sag.

“It’s something some people are born with, but it’s also very common to develop more hooding as the skin naturally loses elasticity,” says Geller.

The main challenge, she says, is “it can make eyeshadow disappear and liner look heavier than intended”.

That’s why technique matters more than product.

Get the eyeshadow placement right

Lucy Liu is another celebrity with hooded eyes
Lucy Liu is another celebrity with hooded eyes (Reuters)

When it comes to hooded eyes, where you place your shadow is far more important than how much you use.

“With hooded eyes, placement is everything,” Geller explains.

“I always recommend applying a slightly deeper shadow just above your natural crease. This way, the colour stays visible when your eyes are open.”

Think of this as subtly creating a new crease – one that sits slightly higher than your natural fold.

She recommends keeping tones neutral and wearable. “Lean into earthy tones like taupes and browns to add depth without overwhelming the eye area,” she says.

Blending upwards – rather than outwards – is also key to creating lift.

(Look Fantastic/PA)
(Look Fantastic/PA)

Natasha Denona Mini Eye Sculpt Palette, £19.50 (was £26), Look Fantastic

Keep your eyeliner understated

Heavy liner can quickly overwhelm hooded eyes, so keeping it pared back is key.

“A tight line along the upper lash line following the natural shape of your eye is your best bet,” Geller says when it comes to incorporating liner.

“This will bring back definition without taking up too much lid space.”

Thick, graphic liners and shapes like the ‘feline flick’ can draw the eye down, making the area appear older, so Geller says to opt for a soft brown pencil instead.

“I like to keep liner soft and close to the lashes rather than thick or heavy, which can make the eyes look smaller.”

For an extra brightening trick, she suggests switching up what you apply on your waterline.

“Don’t underestimate the power of a beige liner on the lower waterline – this instantly brightens and makes the eyes look bigger and more refreshed.”

(Charlotte Tilbury/PA)
(Charlotte Tilbury/PA)

Charlotte Tilbury The Classic Eyeliner Pencil in Classic Brown, £24

(Look Fantastic/PA)
(Look Fantastic/PA)

Urban Decay 24/7 Eye Pencil in Beige Flag, £16.50 (was £22), Look Fantastic

Focus on lift, not drama

If your goal is bigger-looking eyes, piling on eyeshadow or liner is not the answer, and can often have the adverse effect.

Geller recommends focusing on what she calls the “3 Es”: eyeliner, eyelashes and eyebrows.

“Fill in your brows to frame the face, add a tight line of liner along the upper lashes for definition, and finish with mascara to open everything up,” she explains.

The overall effect should feel lifted, effortless and crucially minimal – rather than anything heavy or overly sculpted.

“Keep your shadow placement slightly above the crease and focus on upward blending,” she adds.

“A touch of brightness on the waterline or inner corner can make the entire eye area look more awake in seconds.”

(Sephora/PA)
(Sephora/PA)

Anastasia Beverly Hills Mini Modern Renaissance Eye Shadow Palette, £29, Sephora

(Cult Beauty/PA)
(Cult Beauty/PA)

Morphe M332 Medium Rounded Blender Eyeshadow Brush, £8.50 (was £10), Cult Beauty

Go for matte over shimmer

When it comes to formulas, there are no hard rules. “I like to use a mix,” says Geller. “Matte shades are great for creating shape and definition, especially just above the crease and right at the base of the eyelid.”

Shimmer isn’t off-limits, but it should be used carefully as it can often emphasise texture on eyelids, highlighting wrinkles and creases.

“[Shimmer eyeshadows] can be beautiful too, but I recommend keeping it lighter – maybe only on the inner corner to open the eye,” she explains.



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Martin Lewis is the most trusted man in Britain for one clear reason

Martin Lewis is the most trusted man in Britain for one clear reason


The “most trusted man in Britain”, “the real shadow chancellor”, “the most influential man in British politics”. Only one person could carry the weight of all these titles – the nation’s self-appointed and much-loved money saving expert: Martin Lewis.

On Sunday, Lewis will receive BAFTA’s television special award at its annual prize-giving ceremony – an honour reserved for individuals or organisations who have “made an outstanding contribution to television”, with previous recipients including Sir Bruce Forsyth, Delia Smith and Ronnie Barker.

But how has a personal finance expert and former BBC business producer crossed over to being a Hunsnet-certified oracle for the millennial generation?

Contrary to popular belief, Lewis began as a broadcaster. After studying law and government at the London School of Economics, he completed an MA in broadcast journalism at Cardiff University. From there, he landed a role in the BBC’s business team, working on personal finance programmes before becoming business editor for Radio 4’s Today programme and reporting for BBC One and 5 Live.

He left the BBC at the tail end of 1999 to join the now-defunct television channel Simply Money, where he landed on the title that would see him become the all-conquering brand we know today: ‘Money Saving Expert’.

Martin Lewis outside the High Court in 2008
Martin Lewis outside the High Court in 2008 (Getty Images)

In 2003, Lewis launched the site of the same name from his living room for a “total capital outlay of £80”, according to the incredibly detailed bio on MoneySavingExpert.com. The website, packed with advice on everything from getting out of debt to what to do with stacks of savings, fast became the UK’s biggest consumer site, with more than 16 million of us browsing its many (many) guides every month.

Its weekly tips email is a phenomenon in its own right too. Even in the TikTok age, when shortform video is supposedly king, over 14 million of us are signed up to receive the text and table–heavy mailouts, with chaotic subject lines including this week’s gem: “6 Council Tax cost-cutters, FREE £210 ends, ‘free’ US flight trick, cheapest energy fix, Jet fuel cancellation protection?, Car Wars: industry fights back!”

It’d be easy to eyeroll at the extreme penny-pinching, if it wasn’t for the fact Martin had the last laugh by selling MoneySavingExpert to MoneySuperMarket Group for £87m in 2012 – and stayed on as editor-in-chief purely for love of the game. (I once tried to get some fun, insider gossip from someone who worked there, and the best they could deliver was ‘he really does still edit the guides’)

In the same year, he launched The Martin Lewis Money Show in 2012, which switched to a live format in 2020. It is on live television that Lewis thrives. The primetime ITV show sees him dissect decidedly unsexy topics – power of attorney and wills, anyone? – at breakneck pace, hurtling through his advice at such a speed that you suddenly find yourself in a daze, calling your parents to check things are in order (sorry mum).

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Martin Lewis will receive a special honour at Sunday’s TV Baftas
Martin Lewis will receive a special honour at Sunday’s TV Baftas (Shutterstock)

For a generation of floundering millennials who received precisely zero hours of financial education at school, Lewis is the saviour who stepped in to help us clamber out of student overdrafts and explain why paying student loans back ASAP probably isn’t the best plan. He’s campaigned on plenty of Britons’ behalf too, launching crusades against payment protection insurance, better known as PPI – yes! That was him! – unfair bank charges and energy bills, to name just a few.

Even if you don’t think his advice has made it to your door, it has. If your mates have ever started discussing switching banks or maximising credit card rewards and Avios points (in a responsible way, of course), then chances are, they nabbed their tips from him.

Parents ask their kids “would you jump off a cliff if your friends did?”, I think the millennial equivalent is, would you do it if Martin Lewis did? My honest answer? Without a doubt, yes.

After years of presenting segments on shows including This Morning, Lewis landed a regular role as a Good Morning Britain host in March 2023 and soon proved himself to be the most formidable interviewer on the show’s rotating panel for one simple reason: he’s impossible to bulls***. There is simply no person on television who knows their expert area better. Who better to grill a politician over the budget than someone who could probably reel off the entire thing in less than four minutes?

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For proof of his cultural cache, look no further than the recently launched SNL UK. The topical sketch show features just a handful of running gags but our money-saving king has been mentioned multiple times across the inaugural series’ run.

An early Weekend Update gag saw Martin Lewis ruled out as a possible sperm donor because “we can’t milk our strongest soldier”. Ayoade Bamgboye returned to the bit last Saturday, declaring him “the greatest man alive today”. On the prospect of marriage, she quipped: “Martin Lewis, please, I’m saving myself for you.” Same hun, same.

If this all feels OTT then allow me to introduce a final piece of evidence showcasing Lewis’s unrivalled TV icon status: on a recent episode The Rest is Entertainment, Marina Hyde and Richard Osman discussed whether any television personalities were irreplaceable. As they pointed out, even the likes of chatshow titan Graham Norton are replaced if they’re absent for a week here and there.

They returned to the topic a week later, as Osman had pondered what would happen to The Martin Lewis Show if its host was suddenly unavailable for some reason. A chat with a producer revealed the answer: there is a contingency plan, of course… If Martin’s ill or injured, they consider broadcasting from his hospital bed. His hospital bed. Otherwise, an old episode “that’s still editorially relevant” goes out. Who else on television can say that?



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Could a sociable midlife hobby be the secret to dodging Alzheimer’s?

Could a sociable midlife hobby be the secret to dodging Alzheimer’s?


We’ve all had “that” moment. You walk into the kitchen with a sense of purpose, only to stare at the fridge and realise your brain has just hit the factory reset button. You’re standing there, wondering if you came in for a cup of tea or to check if the back door is locked.

For many of us over a certain age, these moments carry a cold shiver of anxiety. If you’ve watched anyone slip away into the fog of dementia, you’ll feel a sense of dread. But I have some good news to share. New breakthrough research from the Trinity College Dublin Institute of Neuroscience has turned the genetic doom narrative on its head. 

Free time coud be spent learning to skate board - if you're brave© Getty Images
Free time coud be spent learning to skate board – if you’re brave

It turns out that the window between 40 and 59 is a golden opportunity – a “cognitive reserve” building phase where we can actually outweigh our genetic risks through the sheer power of how we spend our free time. 

What Did The Study Find

The study, published in Journal of Alzheimer’s & Dementia, followed 700 adults between 40 and 59. The headline? Variety is the ultimate brain armour. Professor Lorina Naci, the lead researcher, found that doing one thing – no matter how “smart” it is – isn’t the answer. Doing the same crossword every morning is great, but your brain eventually learns the “cheat codes.” To build true resilience, you need a cocktail of physical, social, and intellectual stimulation.

“This research reframes brain health as something people can shape through attainable lifestyle choices, encouraging earlier and sustained engagement in enjoyable activities,” says Professor Lorina Naci. 

The Power of the Genetic Override

This is the part that gave me goosebumps: The positive impact of a stimulating lifestyle was found to be stronger than the negative association of the APOE ε4 genetic risk factor. In plain English? Even if you have the genetic predisposition for Alzheimer’s, picking up a piano book, or learning a new language can effectively “out-work” your genes.

Your Brain’s New To-Do List

Based on the Trinity findings, here is how we can spend our midlife building a “cognitive bank account” that will pay dividends for decades.

5 Midlife Hobbies To Take Up

1. Learn An Instrument

Close-up of a woman playing piano at home© Getty Images

The study specifically highlighted practicing a musical instrument as a powerhouse for brain health. Why? Because music is a full brain workout. It requires: Mathematical logic to read the rhythm, fine motor skills to move your fingers and emotional processing to interpret the soul of the piece.

2. Learn A New Language 

Senior woman using laptop for learning a new language© Getty Images

Forget just clicking through an app on your phone (though I hear Duolingo is brilliant) but to get the full cognitive benefit, you need to use the language. Why? Because it requires “switching” focus – your brain has to suppress your native tongue while searching for foreign vocabulary. This is elite-level mental gymnastics.

3. Go Hiking 

older woman hiking© Getty Images

Walking is great, but navigating is better. Joining a hiking group that explores new trails requires your brain to process spatial information and map-read (yes, even with a phone). Top tip is to take turns being the navigator for the group to keep your spatial reasoning sharp.

4. Play Pickleball, Tennis, Padel Or Golf

woman playing tennis© Getty Images

There’s a reason these sports are exploding amongst women. They are fast-paced, incredibly social, and require split-second strategic thinking. Anything that requires hand-eye coordination is a great skill to learn. 

5. Get Crafty

woman doing crafting© Getty Images

Engaging in an artistic pastime was a specific recommendation from the researchers. It’s not just about the final product; it’s about the sensory-motor engagement. Working with clay or a brush improves fine motor skills and requires intense focus, which acts as a natural stress-buster to fight off depressive symptoms.

6. Try Improv Or Go To An Acting Class

Two actresses on the stage of the theater, rehearsing the performance of the play illuminated by the theater lights© Getty Images

This might be outside your comfort zone, which is exactly why it’s on this list. Improv requires you to be 100% present, listen intently, and respond creatively. It’s basically a triple-threat of social engagement, memory work (learning lines), and intellectual novelty. Search for a beginner improv class near you, and take a friend.  

7. Play Board Games 

Two women are playing board games at the table. © Getty Images

I’m talking about strategic board games here – something like bridge or chess, something that requires multi-step planning and reading your opponent. High-level strategy games are proven to increase “synaptic density” – essentially making your brain’s network thicker and more resilient.

8. Book Club (But With A Difference)

Serene mature woman enjoying a peaceful moment at home, comfortably reading a book and sipping tea on her sofa© Getty Images

Move beyond “I really enjoyed the ending” and go into deep analysis. Choose books that challenge your worldview or cover complex historical events. Reading builds vocabulary and empathy, but the debate afterwards builds “executive function” – the ability to organise thoughts and argue a point. It’s a good idea to choose a different theme each month (biography, sci-fi, history) to ensure your brain never gets “too comfortable” with one particular genre. 

9. Lunch With Friends

A woman smiles as she enjoys an al fresco lunch with another woman. She holds a wooden fork, and eats from takeout containers.© Getty Images

We often feel guilty for wasting time chatting with friends, but the Dublin research lists socialising with family and friends as a primary neuro-protective activity. Isolation is a toxin for the ageing brain. When we engage in deep conversation, we are navigating social cues, remembering shared histories, and processing new information in real-time. It’s high-speed data processing. So, keep that standing Saturday brunch. It’s not just gossip; it’s healthcare.

10. Travel To New Places

A woman looks out at the dramatic, time-worn landscape at Kalalau Lookout on Kauai, Hawaiian Islands© Getty Images

Travelling was another key factor in the study. When you are in a foreign country, your brain is on high alert. You’re navigating new streets, hearing a different language, and tasting new flavours. This “environmental enrichment” forces the brain to stay adaptable. 

What to Watch Out For

While we’re adding the good stuff, the study also identified the brain-drainers we need to manage in midlife. If we want our hobbies to work, we have to clear the hurdles.

The Brain-Drainers

  • Depressive Symptoms: Chronic stress and low mood can physically shrink parts of the brain related to memory.
  • Untreated Hearing Loss: When we can’t hear, our brain has to work 10x harder just to process sound, leaving no energy for memory.
  • Poor Sleep: Sleep is when the brain washes away toxins. Without it, the trash builds up.
  • Hypertension & Diabetes: What’s bad for the heart is bad for the head. Blood flow is everything.
Learning a new hobby helps build connections, too!© Getty Images
Learning a new hobby helps build connections, too!

How to Start Your Cognitive Renaissance

If you’re feeling overwhelmed, don’t try to become fluent in Spanish by Monday. The beauty of this research is that it champions accessible and cost-effective interventions.

  • The 1+1+1 Rule: Try to engage in one physical activity (like a brisk walk or yoga), one intellectual activity (learning a new craft or language), and one social activity each week.
  • Lean Into the Struggle: If a hobby feels hard, you’re doing it right. That mental strain is the feeling of cognitive reserve being built.
  • Audit Your Health: Get your hearing checked and talk to your GP about your blood pressure. These are the foundations upon which your “brain-building” hobbies sit.
Now is the time to invest in yourself© Getty Images
Now is the time to invest in yourself

For a long time, we’ve treated dementia as a late-life problem that we just have to hope doesn’t catch us. This research moves the goalposts. It tells us that our 40s and 50s are the frontline.

Every time you struggle through an Italian verb, laugh until your sides ache with your best friend, or lace up your trainers for a walk in a new park, you are doing more than just passing time, you are literally rewiring your future.

So, book the trip. Buy the keyboard. Invite the girls over. Your brain will thank you in years to come.

What’s one new activity you’ve been nervous to try that you might take up now to boost your cognitive reserve? Answer in the comments below. 



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