All posts tagged: 2025 news review

Physicists stirred up controversy with scientific cooking tips in 2025

Physicists stirred up controversy with scientific cooking tips in 2025

A smooth cacio e pepe pasta sauce can be hard to achieve Brent Hofacker/Alamy Scientists’ new recipes for a classic pasta dish and boiled eggs were among the most talked-about science stories of 2025, provoking delight and fury in equal measure. In January, Ivan Di Terlizzi at the Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems in Germany and his colleagues reported their analysis of how to make a perfect cacio e pepe pasta sauce, a silky emulsion of black pepper, pecorino cheese and water that is famously difficult to get smooth without clumps. The secret, according to the team, is to add a dash of cornstarch. This finding was based on the meticulous testing of hundreds of different sauces with minor differences in the proportions of cheese, starch and water, which helped Di Terlizzi and his team plot out detailed graphs and diagrams showing when the sauce was likely to be free of clumps. But despite this scientific justification, their findings proved controversial, especially in the researchers’ home country of Italy. “Because we …

The cassette tape made a comeback in 2025 thanks to a DNA upgrade

The cassette tape made a comeback in 2025 thanks to a DNA upgrade

The DNA tape can store vastly more information than a standard cassette Jiankai Li et al. 2025 In a new take on a technology from the 1960s, this year, researchers created a cassette tape that uses DNA instead of iron oxide to encode information on a plastic tape. It can hold a phenomenal amount of information: while a traditional cassette tape stores around 12 songs on each side, the DNA tape can hold every song ever recorded. At 10 megabytes a song, 100 metres of the DNA cassette tape can hold more than 3 billion pieces of music. The total data storage capacity is 36 petabytes of data – equivalent to 36,000 terabyte hard drives. Xingyu Jiang at the Southern University of Science and Technology in Guangdong, China, and his colleagues created the cassette by printing synthetic DNA molecules onto a plastic tape. “We can design its sequence so that the order of the DNA bases (A, T, C, G) represents digital information, just like 0s and 1s in a computer,” he told New Scientist …

Mathematicians unified key laws of physics in 2025

Mathematicians unified key laws of physics in 2025

The equations that govern fluids can be tricky to handle Vladimir Veljanovski / Alamy In 1900, mathematician David Hilbert presented his colleagues with a list of problems he believed both captured the present state of mathematics and the shape of its future. This year, 125 years later, Zaher Hani at the University of Michigan and his colleagues solved one of Hilbert’s problems – and unified several laws of physics in the process. Hilbert was a proponent of deriving all laws of physics from mathematical axioms – statements that mathematicians take to be basic truths. The sixth problem on his list was to derive laws of physics that dictate the behaviour of fluids from such axioms. Until 2025, physicists actually had three distinct ways of describing fluids, depending on their scale. Different rules governed the microscopic scale of single particles, the mesoscopic world populated by collections of particles and the macroscopic realm filled with fully fledged fluids like water flowing in a sink. Researchers had made strides in finding links between them, but the three were …

The best and most ridiculous robots of 2025 in pictures

The best and most ridiculous robots of 2025 in pictures

Robbyant’s R1 cooks up a storm Artur Widak/NurPhoto via Getty Images This striking humanoid robot is the R1 from Robbyant, a company owned by Chinese tech giant Ant Group. The allure of humanoid robots is their versatility – you can imagine them doing any job that a human can, simply because they have the same appendages. But unlike wheeled robots, they have to deal with balancing on two legs, which is no mean feat. The R1 strikes a balance, with a stable wheeled base and a humanoid form from the waist up. The R1 certainly made an impressive entrance at the IFA 2025 tech show in Berlin, where it demonstrated its skills in the kitchen, cooking up shrimp – albeit at a very relaxed pace. Its makers say it could be put to work as a carer, nurse or tour guide. A Tiangong robot takes a tumble Zhang Xiangyi/China News Service/VCG via Getty Images This bipedal robot, named Tiangong, is more ambitious than the R1 – but as this image shows, that hasn’t necessarily paid …

Microsoft made a splash with a controversial quantum computer in 2025

Microsoft made a splash with a controversial quantum computer in 2025

Microsoft’s Majorana 1 quantum chip John Brecher/Microsoft In February, Microsoft unveiled a new quantum computer called Majorana 1 and it quickly became one of the most controversial devices in quantum computing. Majorana 1 caused controversy because it relies on a particular kind of quantum bit, or qubit, called a topological qubit. Theoretically, these are a lot more immune to errors than alternatives, making them an attractive proposition for building a largely error-proof quantum computer. For years, Microsoft has attempted to do just that, using elusive quasiparticles called Majorana zero modes (MZMs) as its basis for topological qubits – but its track record is mixed. In 2021, a paper by a group of Microsoft researchers was retracted from the scientific journal Nature after independent experts identified a flaw in the analysis that had aimed to establish the basic building block of topological qubits. Then, in 2023, an experiment concerning a predecessor to Majorana 1 was heavily criticised by several experts. As such, Microsoft’s 2025 Nature paper announcing Majorana 1 was always going to be heavily scrutinised. In …

2025’s best photos of the natural world, from volcanoes to icebergs

2025’s best photos of the natural world, from volcanoes to icebergs

Mount Etna erupting European Union, Copernicus Sentinel-2 imagery Mount Etna in Sicily is the world’s most active stratovolcano, which is a high, conical volcano created by repeated eruptions of viscous lava. In February, it erupted with ash clouds and a lava flow that travelled 3 kilometres, forcing a local airport to partially close. One of the European Space Agency’s Copernicus Sentinel-2 satellites captured this image of the lava flow on 12 February. An iceberg in Innaarsuit, Greenland Dennis Lehtonen / SWNS A giant iceberg drifted into the harbour in Innaarsuit in western Greenland in July, looming over the village of 180 for more than a week. Authorities warned people to stay away in case it collapsed and crushed something or generated a destructive wave. This is the second time in less than a decade that a massive iceberg has threatened the town. As Greenland melts, more icebergs are calving off its glaciers. Hurricane Melissa destroyed buildings in Jamaica RICARDO MAKYN/AFP via Getty Images Hurricane Melissa tied with the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane as the strongest …

Was 2025 the year we found signs of past life on Mars?

Was 2025 the year we found signs of past life on Mars?

NASA’s Perseverance rover, the first mission to collect and cache Martian rock and regolith NASA/JPL-Caltech On Mars, it’s the little things that hint at past life. In 2025, tiny details in rocks across the Martian surface have revealed some of the most exciting clues yet that there may once have been microbial life there. These come from analysis of samples collected by NASA’s Perseverance rover, which began to provide evidence of life last year: Perseverance came across rocks with tiny splotches, each just millimetres wide with a ring of dark material around it. These splotches, dubbed “leopard spots”, are similar to features we see on Earth associated with fossils of microbes. This year, Joel Hurowitz at Stony Brook University in New York state and his colleagues did more detailed analyses on the leopard spots, finding forms of iron and sulphur that often come from chemical reactions involving microbes. “I find it much more promising [an indication of life] than anything I’ve seen in the last 20 years,” says Hanna Sizemore at the Planetary Science Institute …

A ghostly glow was seen emanating from living things in 2025

A ghostly glow was seen emanating from living things in 2025

Living things produce “biophotons” Mike_shots/Shutterstock This year, scientists observed an eerie glow emanating from mice that disappears after death, reminiscent of paranormal ideas of a bodily aura. The discovery led to a flurry of interest in the underlying science of biophotons. Biophotons are ultraweak particles of light that are produced by structures in living cells including mitochondria, which generate energy. Researchers have long sought out these mercurial, faint signals, and the field has often been controversial, in part due to the extreme difficulty of separating out biophotons from other sources of light, like infrared radiation, and proving that they are real. The experimental hurdles have meant that previous biophoton studies tended to focus on smaller, specific body parts. But in May, Daniel Oblak at the University of Calgary in Canada and his colleagues detected biophotons emanating from the entire body in four hairless mice. After the mice died, these biophotons rapidly faded away. They also detected biophotons being emitted from the leaves of an umbrella tree (Heptapleurum arboricola). This more comprehensive, and careful, study made …

6 incredible new dinosaurs we discovered in 2025

6 incredible new dinosaurs we discovered in 2025

Zavacephale rinpoche Masaya Hattori If there’s ever a creature you would not want to bump heads with, it is Zavacephale rinpoche. This dome-headed dinosaur found in Mongolia lived 108 million years ago, making it the oldest of its kind ever discovered. When palaeontologists first saw the fossil skull protruding from the ground, they described it as looking like a “cabochon jewel”. While other species in the group could reach 4 metres in length and up to 400 kilograms, this specimen was a mere teenager and would have been about a metre long, weighing about 6 kilograms. Spicomellus afer Matthew Dempsey When scientists were trying to describe a 165-million-year-old dinosaur fossil found in Morocco, named Spicomellus afer, they were lost for words. The dinosaur, a kind of ankylosaur, may be one of the most heavily armoured creatures that ever lived. According to Susannah Maidment at the Natural History Museum in London, the creature was so bizarre that there weren’t enough hyperboles to describe it. In the end, the team settled on the word “baroque” to attempt …

The world’s first fully 3D-printed microscope went big in 2025

The world’s first fully 3D-printed microscope went big in 2025

The 3D-printed microscope Dr Liam M. Rooney/University of Strathclyde At the beginning of 2025, a preprint of a paper about a new microscope caused an awful lot of excitement among researchers. It was the world’s first fully 3D-printed microscope, made in only a few hours and for a fraction of the typical cost. Liam Rooney at the University of Glasgow in the UK, who worked on the project, says that after New Scientist reported on the microscope, people reached out from all over the world, from biomedical researchers to community groups and even film-makers. “Community reception was incredible,” he says. The work has now also been published in the Journal of Microscopy. For the body of the microscope, his team used a design from OpenFlexure, which is a resource for 3D-printing scientific instruments that anyone can access. They also used a store-bought camera and a light source, while the control for all the microscope’s parts came from a Raspberry Pi computer. The real breakthrough, however, was that the team 3D-printed the microscope’s lens out of …