Mean Girls in History, Women Who Fought Tooth and Claw
Boys are naughty, girls are nice. Boys are tough, girls are soft. Boys are snips and snails and puppy dog tails; girls are everything nice. So go the tropes. And the labs back them up. Women are a little more agreeable, altruistic, empathetic, compassionate, and prosocial than men. The curves overlap, but neuroimages, physiological measurements, experimental tasks, and self-reports suggest that girls tend to be nicer than boys. History suggests otherwise. Not all girls are sugar and spice. Some have access to scramasaxes. Some hoard poison boxes. Some hire mercenary armies. Consider Livia. On the 30th of October, in 39 BC, the first Roman emperor, the man-who-would-be-called Augustus, divorced his wife. On the same day, his only daughter, Julia, was born. She became well-read and quick-witted, well-connected and well-liked; she was empathetic and kind. But she partied hard. There were rumors about orgies in the middle of the city. There were stories about late nights in the forum, where she made herself available to the most eligible men in Rome. There was gossip about Julius …


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