All posts tagged: galaxy mergers

How did massive elliptical galaxies appear so early after the Big Bang

How did massive elliptical galaxies appear so early after the Big Bang

Four galaxies crowd the center of a collapsing structure 1.4 billion years after the Big Bang. Each one is churning out stars at a pace that defies comparison with the present-day universe. Around them, long tidal arms sweep outward at 300 kilometers per second, glowing brightly in ionized carbon emission. Astronomers have puzzled for decades over how massive elliptical galaxies appeared so early in cosmic history. The standard picture suggests large galaxies slowly assembled through repeated mergers over billions of years. Yet observations show mature, gas-poor ellipticals already in place when the universe was still young. Now, an international team led by Nikolaus Sulzenauer and Axel Weiß of the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, has taken a close look at one of the most extreme protoclusters known. Their findings, published in The Astrophysical Journal, offer a rare view of what may be the rapid birth of a giant elliptical galaxy. Synthetic JWST/NIRCam snapshots tracking the time evolution of realization real011 from the suite of SPT2349−56 analogs. (CREDIT: The …

Physicists propose a new way to spot supermassive black hole pairs

Physicists propose a new way to spot supermassive black hole pairs

Supermassive black holes rarely travel alone. Most large galaxies hide one at the center, and when galaxies collide, the two central black holes can end up bound together. Astronomers have seen plenty of wide pairs. The tighter ones, the kind that spiral inward and eventually merge, have been much harder to pin down. Researchers at the University of Oxford and the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) think the missing systems may be giving themselves away anyway, in brief, repeating flashes of starlight. In a paper published today in Physical Review Letters, they argue that a tight supermassive black hole binary could act like a moving magnifying glass, repeatedly boosting the light from individual stars in the same galaxy. “Supermassive black holes act as natural telescopes,” said Dr Miguel Zumalacárregui from the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics. “Because of their enormous mass and compact size, they strongly bend passing light. Starlight from the same host galaxy can be focused into extraordinarily bright images, a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing.” Artistic impression …