How did massive elliptical galaxies appear so early after the Big Bang
Four galaxies crowd the center of a collapsing structure 1.4 billion years after the Big Bang. Each one is churning out stars at a pace that defies comparison with the present-day universe. Around them, long tidal arms sweep outward at 300 kilometers per second, glowing brightly in ionized carbon emission. Astronomers have puzzled for decades over how massive elliptical galaxies appeared so early in cosmic history. The standard picture suggests large galaxies slowly assembled through repeated mergers over billions of years. Yet observations show mature, gas-poor ellipticals already in place when the universe was still young. Now, an international team led by Nikolaus Sulzenauer and Axel Weiß of the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, has taken a close look at one of the most extreme protoclusters known. Their findings, published in The Astrophysical Journal, offer a rare view of what may be the rapid birth of a giant elliptical galaxy. Synthetic JWST/NIRCam snapshots tracking the time evolution of realization real011 from the suite of SPT2349−56 analogs. (CREDIT: The …

