She argues that these categories can act as a “funnel” directing consumers towards exploitative content and livestreamed abuse. “It is hugely damaging to children who are being sexually abused and also to men, some of whom will not have had a prior interest in child sexual abuse material,” she warns, referring to unregulated porn as a “public health epidemic”. ‘It can be pure racism’ In his one-on-one work with offenders, Mr Sheath regularly meets men damaged by their viewing habits. He says they sometimes becoming alarmingly desensitised – reducing Filipino children “to flesh rather than persons”. He notes that some offenders use racial difference to justify abuse. “It can be pure racism,” he says, “like these kids don’t experience pain in the way that British kids do.” In the Philippines, Jaika*, a survivor of livestreamed abuse, attests to the reality of her pain. “It’s like I’m being devalued. Yes, they don’t touch me, but I’m being degraded, even if it’s online,” she says. When she was 17, Jaika was encouraged by her best friend Veronica …