Macaroni penguins are surprisingly buff
Get the Popular Science daily newsletterđź’ˇ Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent six days a week. Some pretty tough muscles lay beneath the macaroni penguin’s (Eudyptes chrysolophus) somewhat goofy exterior. These small penguins from the islands and waters of the South Atlantic Ocean are known for their distinctive bright-yellow plumes. They are also built for powerful and efficient movement for both walking and swimming, according to a study recently published in the journal The Anatomical Record. Since penguins don’t fly through the air like most birds, they’ve evolved to fly through the water instead. For macaroni penguins, their key wing muscles look different than in flying birds. For example, a muscle responsible for lifting the wing called the supracoracoideus is much larger in penguins. A bigger supracoracoideus allows them to generate more power during the upstroke and downstroke of their flipper motion, which appears to be a crucial adaptation for swimming through dense water. This special configuration of shoulder muscles also gives penguins a stroke akin to underwater flying that has a stronger backwards component. This …


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