Recent research indicates that incarcerated women with psychopathic traits exhibit unexpected patterns of emotional processing, particularly when viewing unpleasant images. A new study suggests that instead of displaying the fearlessness often associated with psychopathy, these women may engage in defensive emotional regulation strategies that result in a reduced sense of control. These findings were published in the journal Women & Criminal Justice. Psychopathy is a personality construct characterized by emotional deficits and antisocial behavior. It is historically studied through a male-centric lens. Researchers have established that the disorder manifests differently across genders. Men often display overt physical aggression. Women are more likely to utilize relational aggression, such as manipulation or emotional exploitation. This difference creates a gap in scientific understanding regarding how female offenders process emotions. The biological and social mechanisms driving these behaviors remain unclear. Understanding these nuances is essential for creating effective rehabilitation programs. Marina Pinheiro and her colleagues at the University of Minho in Portugal sought to address this disparity. They designed an investigation to measure how women in prison respond to …