All posts tagged: supermassive black holes

Two supermassive black holes are on a collision course

Two supermassive black holes are on a collision course

Get the Popular Science daily newsletterđź’ˇ Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent six days a week. Supermassive black holes literally don’t add up. Astrophysicists know it takes more time than is mathematically possible for one of them to reach its incomprehensible proportions via standard gas accretion. Despite this, they are clearly observable at the center of nearly every large galaxy. So how do they get so big? The likeliest explanation is that supermassive black holes attain their size when two smaller black holes smack into one another during a galactic collision. For years, this theory has remained simply that—a theory. However, evidence from a team at Germany’s Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy now offers the first clear look at a pair of supermassive black holes at the heart of a distant galaxy. As they explain in a study published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, the duo is racing towards a head-on collision. Markarian 501 (Mrk 501) is an elliptical galaxy located in the Hercules constellation, and the site of …

Black hole-powered blazars may explain the highest-energy neutrino ever detected

Black hole-powered blazars may explain the highest-energy neutrino ever detected

A single particle cut through the Mediterranean in February 2023 carrying an almost absurd amount of energy. Detected deep off the coast of Sicily by the KM3NeT/ARCA neutrino telescope, the neutrino clocked in at about 220 petaelectronvolts, making it the most energetic neutrino ever recorded. That one event, known as KM3-230213A, stood out immediately. Its energy was more than an order of magnitude above previously observed high-energy neutrinos, and no one could say for sure where it came from. Now, a new paper in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics argues that the particle may not have come from one dramatic outburst at all. Instead, it may have emerged from a wider population of blazars, active galactic nuclei powered by supermassive black holes whose jets point toward Earth. The idea does not solve the mystery outright. It does, however, offer a physically consistent explanation that fits what astronomers have seen, and what they have not. Differential luminosity for gamma-rays and neutrinos (all-flavor) as a function of the energy. The values of the baryonic loading …

Physicists propose a new way to spot supermassive black hole pairs

Physicists propose a new way to spot supermassive black hole pairs

Supermassive black holes rarely travel alone. Most large galaxies hide one at the center, and when galaxies collide, the two central black holes can end up bound together. Astronomers have seen plenty of wide pairs. The tighter ones, the kind that spiral inward and eventually merge, have been much harder to pin down. Researchers at the University of Oxford and the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) think the missing systems may be giving themselves away anyway, in brief, repeating flashes of starlight. In a paper published today in Physical Review Letters, they argue that a tight supermassive black hole binary could act like a moving magnifying glass, repeatedly boosting the light from individual stars in the same galaxy. “Supermassive black holes act as natural telescopes,” said Dr Miguel Zumalacárregui from the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics. “Because of their enormous mass and compact size, they strongly bend passing light. Starlight from the same host galaxy can be focused into extraordinarily bright images, a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing.” Artistic impression …