Free to Speak, Not to Listen: Freedom of Expression in the Age of AI Chatbots
Can you lose your free speech even when you are not prevented from saying anything? To answer this question, let us consider two ways in which governments could regulate AI chatbots in the near future. First, imagine a government prohibiting the commercialization of AI chatbots that fail to meet safety benchmarks. For instance, chatbots should not provide users with detailed instructions for building weapons, generate dangerous conspiracy theories, or encourage self-harm. We’ll call this case AI Safety. My second case is Political Bias. In this scenario, the government prohibits the commercialization of AI chatbots unless their developer can demonstrate that the chatbots are not politically biased and that the information they provide on controversial issues reflects a diversity of viewpoints. Would any of these scenarios violate stakeholders’ moral right to freedom of expression? This, of course, depends on who the stakeholders are. Consider, for a moment, that AI chatbots might possess speech rights. This may seem preposterous, but some scholars argue that conversational AI agents have a legal right to freedom of expression. Yet there are serious philosophical reasons to …









