A RECORD OF PAIN Nasir Jafer Ali, 26, survived an RSF drone attack on Omdurman, outside of Khartoum, which he described as “a scene of carnage.” Some estimates suggest the death toll is upwards of 400,000 since the conflict began in 2023. But these testimonies reveal a larger machinery at work. The RSF and the SAF, once aligned in their appetite to crush civilian dissent, now wage war on each other with modern and barbaric technology—and the cost falls on those caught between them: children, women, the weakest and most vulnerable. Gold and weapons flow across borders; neighboring states position themselves for profit and control. Thousands flee burned cities and villages. And the world, watching or not watching, remains silent to the crimes. The Unraveling There isn’t an easy answer as to why Sudan has descended once again into civil war. But to understand this moment, it’s useful to look at Sudan’s bloody past. The country’s first civil war began on the eve of independence and lasted from 1955 until 1972, when the southerners, who …