Introduction In medicine, technology can refer to anything from antibiotics like penicillin used to treat everyday infections and antivirals that suppress HIV, to dialysis circuits and cardiopulmonary bypass pumps. More broadly, technology is the machinery and methods developed through scientific knowledge to solve practical problems. Organ transplant—the act of removing organs from one person’s body to restore life in another—has, since its inception, depended on technology. The first successful kidney transplant was performed in 1954 by Dr. Joseph Murray at Brigham Hospital in Boston. Because the donor and recipient were identical twins, the challenge of immunologic compatibility was easily overcome. Yet the case raised questions about what happens when donor and recipient are not genetically identical, as well as from where organs can be obtained if not from living donors. Over the following decades, technological and medical breakthroughs transformed the field. Mechanical ventilation made it possible to maintain donors long enough for organ recovery and immunosuppressive therapies made long-term graft survival between non-genetically identical persons feasible. Today, complex computer-based logistics systems, portable perfusion platforms, and novel …