Dark matter and star clusters work together to reshape the centers of galaxies
A galaxy simulation shows that nuclear star clusters and nuclear stellar disks can grow together as a stellar bar funnels gas toward the galactic center. Repeated shocks from stellar feedback move gas inward and trigger new star formation, while the surrounding nuclear disk gradually expands from the inside out. The connection can become difficult to recognize as the two structures evolve at different rates, and mergers with massive star clusters can further reshape the galactic center. At the heart of a barred galaxy, two stellar structures can grow around the same central region. One is compact and pressure-supported. The other spreads outward as a rotating disk. Their apparent disconnect has obscured a shared origin. A simulation from the SMUGGLE-Ring project shows how both structures can emerge together in a Milky Way-mass galaxy. It examines nuclear star clusters, or NSCs, and nuclear stellar disks, or NSDs. Observational surveys have found no clear correlation between their masses and sizes, reinforcing the idea that they form separately. The work follows their development over four billion years. A stellar …

