All posts tagged: galaxy simulations

Dark matter and star clusters work together to reshape the centers of galaxies

Dark matter and star clusters work together to reshape the centers of galaxies

A galaxy simulation shows that nuclear star clusters and nuclear stellar disks can grow together as a stellar bar funnels gas toward the galactic center. Repeated shocks from stellar feedback move gas inward and trigger new star formation, while the surrounding nuclear disk gradually expands from the inside out. The connection can become difficult to recognize as the two structures evolve at different rates, and mergers with massive star clusters can further reshape the galactic center. At the heart of a barred galaxy, two stellar structures can grow around the same central region. One is compact and pressure-supported. The other spreads outward as a rotating disk. Their apparent disconnect has obscured a shared origin. A simulation from the SMUGGLE-Ring project shows how both structures can emerge together in a Milky Way-mass galaxy. It examines nuclear star clusters, or NSCs, and nuclear stellar disks, or NSDs. Observational surveys have found no clear correlation between their masses and sizes, reinforcing the idea that they form separately. The work follows their development over four billion years. A stellar …

New findings revise the Milky Way-Andromeda collision odds into a cosmic coin toss

New findings revise the Milky Way-Andromeda collision odds into a cosmic coin toss

The Milky Way and Andromeda have appeared locked on a destructive course for decades. Now, thousands of simulations suggest their collision is not destiny, but a contest between gravity, uncertain measurements and two smaller neighboring galaxies. Astronomers have known for a century that Andromeda is moving toward the Milky Way. Because the two spiral galaxies dominate the Local Group, which contains about 100 smaller galaxies, their approach became one of astronomy’s most familiar forecasts. The standard account held that the pair would collide in five billion years. Gravity would distort both galaxies and eventually combine them into a large elliptical system sometimes nicknamed “Milkomeda.” Effects of M33 and the LMC on the trajectory of the MW. Panels in the top row are projected in the orbital plane defined by the initial MW and M31 positions and velocities, whereas those in the bottom row are projected perpendicular to this orbital plane. (CREDIT: Nature Astronomy) A forecast built from 50,000 possible futures A team led by Till Sawala of the University of Helsinki modeled the Milky Way, …