All posts tagged: K Pg extinction

A feather found in dinosaur poop could help explain why birds survived the dinosaur extinction

A feather found in dinosaur poop could help explain why birds survived the dinosaur extinction

A fossilized dinosaur dropping from Montana’s Hell Creek Formation contains an exceptionally preserved bird feather, along with additional feathers, bones and fish scales from a bird eaten roughly 66 million years ago. The feathers probably belonged to a hesperornithiform, an extinct group of diving birds closely related to the lineage that produced modern birds, and reveal an unexpected mixture of modern waterproof feathers and more primitive body feathers. Researchers propose that differences in insulating plumage, and possibly molting strategies, may help explain why crown birds survived the catastrophic conditions following the end-Cretaceous asteroid impact while every other dinosaur lineage disappeared. A meal eaten by a dinosaur about 66 million years ago may have preserved a clue to one of paleontology’s biggest mysteries. Inside a small piece of fossilized dung from Montana, scientists discovered an extraordinarily well-preserved bird feather, additional feathers, tiny bones and fish scales. The specimen provides a rare look at the plumage of birds living immediately before the asteroid impact that wiped out nearly all dinosaurs. The research, published in Current Biology, was …

Tunas became large, warm-blooded predators long after the dinosaur extinction

Tunas became large, warm-blooded predators long after the dinosaur extinction

Tunas did not become large, fast and warm-blooded simply because an asteroid cleared the oceans of competing predators. Their defining traits appeared separately over tens of millions of years, complicating a familiar story about life after mass extinction. The asteroid impact 66 million years ago erased non-avian dinosaurs and many large marine predators. One long-held explanation proposed that tunas and other powerful fishes quickly expanded into the empty ecological roles. A new analysis from Yale University challenges that idea. By combining genetic evidence with fossils, researchers built the most complete time-calibrated evolutionary tree yet for Scombridae, the family that includes tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related fishes. The tree places the family’s origin near the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction. Yet the traits that make modern tunas exceptional did not appear together or immediately afterward. Three independent origins of endothermy in Scombridae. Time-calibrated phylogeny of Scombridae estimated using a Bayesian node-dating approach, with branches coloured according to an ancestral state reconstruction of endothermy. (CREDIT: Proceedings of the Royal Society B) “Our results demonstrate the K-Pg extinction did not trigger …

New fossil findings help clarify the history of primate evolution

New fossil findings help clarify the history of primate evolution

A few teeth, smaller than a grain of rice, are changing the map of your earliest primate relatives. They come from a creature called Purgatorius, a tiny tree-dwelling mammal that lived about 66 million years ago, right after the dinosaurs vanished. For decades, fossils of this animal turned up only in northern places like Montana and Saskatchewan. That left a big blank space farther south, where some scientists suspected Purgatorius simply was not there. Now, that blank space has a dot. A team led by paleontologist Stephen Chester, an anthropology professor at the CUNY Graduate Center and Brooklyn College, reports the southernmost Purgatorius fossils ever found. They were recovered from Colorado’s Denver Basin, at the Corral Bluffs study area. The work appears as the cover article in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, with co-authors Jordan Crowell, Tyler Lyson, and David Krause of the Denver Museum of Nature & Science. A lifelike rendering of the archaic primate Purgatorius. (CREDIT: Andrey Atuchin.) The teeth that moved the boundary The new specimens are not skulls or skeletons. They …