All posts tagged: Modern Art

Gilles Deleuze Really Admired Egyptian Art and Its Resilience

Gilles Deleuze Really Admired Egyptian Art and Its Resilience

Summary A Crystalline Technique: Philosopher Gilles Deleuze saw Egyptian art not as primitive, but as a triumph of preserving eternal essences through a “crystalline” technique. Visual Mummification: The art’s flat, rigid style is a form of visual mummification, designed to rescue subjects from the decay of time. Haptic Vision: Egyptian art creates a “haptic” space, where the eye “touches” a flat surface, eliminating the distance between foreground and background. Resemblance Without Resembling: It achieves a truer resemblance by abandoning realism, capturing an eternal form rather than a fleeting, lifelike moment. Show more   Egyptian art does not always get its due credit. It often gets overshadowed by its Greek successor. The classical Western narrative and the history of ideas tend to favor Greek cultures as the wellspring of civilization. Late twentieth-century French philosopher Gilles Deleuze offers a brand new way to think about Egyptian art; he invents a concept of the crystal. You might remember the images with flat two-dimensional surfaces. If you stare long enough at these cartoonish figures, you might feel an overwhelming sense of permanence. They refuse to budge even in our …

Gilles Deleuze Really Admired Egyptian Art and Its Resilience

Why Albert Camus Fell Out With the French Left

Published: Sep 14, 2026written by Simon Lea, PhD Philosophy Summary Camus was expelled from the Communist Party for prioritizing Algerian rights over Stalin’s orders, leading to his early disillusionment. The 1939 Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact was a huge betrayal for Camus, for whom anti-fascism was a core principle. Rejecting a simple choice, Camus sought a non-Communist “third way” for the Left, opposing both US capitalism and Soviet oppression. His book The Rebel definitively split him from the Left by rejecting the idea that political goals could justify murder or oppression. Show more   Up until the publication of The Rebel in 1951, Albert Camus was firmly established as a member of the French left-wing intelligentsia. However, he was not a member of the Communist Party at a time when most people on the Left believed this to be the only effective means of left-wing activism. Camus refused to ignore the oppression and purges taking place in the USSR. In this article, we look at how Camus’ philosophy of the absurd influenced his beliefs that led to his falling out with the Left.   Was …

Gilles Deleuze Really Admired Egyptian Art and Its Resilience

Deleuze Turned Leibniz’s Windowless Monad Into a Folded Space

Summary Deleuze recasts Leibniz’s windowless monad as a folded interior, not a sealed metaphysical box. The fold turns substance into a process of becoming, where interiority is produced, not given. Perception emerges from tiny petites perceptions, which build consciousness through differential relations. Leibnizian substance is redefined by events, not essences: what happens inside matters most. The subject becomes a dynamic point of view, formed through folds, clarity, and world-expression. Show more   In his book, The Fold (1988), as well as the lectures on Leibniz, French philosopher Deleuze puts forward a radical reframing of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s philosophy. While traditional scholarship views the Leibnizian monad as a windowless, isolated, and strictly hierarchical substance ordered by divine decree, Deleuze introduces a more dynamic account. By viewing the monad through the mathematical and aesthetic concept of the fold, Deleuze transforms substance from a fixed essence into a continuous manner of becoming. This provocative reinterpretation reframes perception, subjectivity, and interiority, entirely shifting our understanding of substance.   The Standard Monad Is Windowless, Self-Sufficient, and Ranked by God Philosopher in his Study (Filosoof in zijn studeervertrek), Jacob van Spreeuwen, 1645. Source: Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam   The monad, …

Gilles Deleuze Really Admired Egyptian Art and Its Resilience

Ordinary Language vs. The Language of Logic: What’s the Difference?

Published: Sep 13, 2026written by Giulia Villa, BA Linguistics and Philosophy   Language is how we communicate our experiences, thoughts, and ideas. Hence, it is natural that philosophers want to ask questions about how language works. For example, is it possible to know more about the structure of the mind by understanding the structure of ordinary, everyday language? Can language be studied scientifically to counteract the ambiguity of words and phrases? Could we use expressions of mathematical language to understand the structure of ordinary language better? These are all questions asked by a range of 20th-century philosophers, logicians, and mathematicians.   The Linguistic Turn Portrait of Descartes by Frans Hals, ca. 1649-1700, via Wikimedia Commons.   René Descartes was a 17th-century philosopher who became widely known for his radical approach to metaphysics—the study of reality—through a method of inquiry known as the method of doubt. This method consisted of refraining from asserting anything that was uncertain. The metaphysical tradition that began with Descartes influenced Western philosophical tradition until the 20th century.   The political instability …

Gilles Deleuze Really Admired Egyptian Art and Its Resilience

Society Through Nietzsche’s Lens: Morality, Power, and Modernity

  Picture waking up to a headline blaring, “God is Dead!”—and it’s not clickbait. That’s what Friedrich Nietzsche did when he made the infamous statement. He wasn’t announcing that a deity had fallen over dead but was highlighting that conventional morality was collapsing. Society had outgrown religious values, and individuals were left lost. Nietzsche was a rebel, taking on everything from morality to power. His ideas make us ask ourselves: are we free thinkers or herd followers? What now that old beliefs are dead? Let’s get into Nietzsche’s head.   The Death of God and Its Impact on Society Nighthawks, Edward Hopper, 1942. Source: Art Institute of Chicago   Let’s first analyze the claim that “God is dead.” Nietzsche did not say he killed God. He simply observed that society had evolved to act without following what it believed were the moral mandates of religion, which aimed to reveal essential facts about right and wrong.   The victory of science and reason over tradition had made existing ethics seem passé—or so he thought.   But …

Gilles Deleuze Really Admired Egyptian Art and Its Resilience

5 Lesser-Known Facts That Show Aristotle Was More Interesting Than You Think

Published: Sep 13, 2026written by Mike Cohen, BA History Summary Beyond philosophy, Aristotle was a pioneering biologist who studied over 500 animal species. He correctly identified that whales and dolphins were mammals, noting they breathed air and gave birth to live young. The renowned philosopher also served as the tutor to Alexander the Great. Hired by King Philip II, Aristotle taught the young prince subjects ranging from ethics to politics for approximately three years. In 335 BCE, Aristotle founded the Lyceum in Athens, one of the first major institutions for organized study, which emphasized hands-on research in fields like life science and government. A significant portion of Aristotle’s work is now lost, and the writings we have today are mostly his private lecture notes intended for his students, not the polished works meant for the public. After the fall of Rome, his writings were preserved by Muslim scholars during the Islamic Golden Age, and TheCollector highlights their reintroduction to Europe through Arabic translations was crucial for medieval thought. Show more   Aristotle (384 to 322 …

Gilles Deleuze Really Admired Egyptian Art and Its Resilience

Unplugging! The Philosophical Benefits of Digital Minimalism

  Feeling overwhelmed by all the notifications on your smartphone? Do you sometimes forget to appreciate life’s simple pleasures because you’re too busy scrolling through your social media feeds? Digital minimalism could be the answer. This new way of thinking about our relationship with technology might help us regain control, find contentment, and make time for the things that really matter. We can create room for deeper connections with others and ourselves by stepping back from constant stimulation. Let’s analyze the philosophical background of this phenomenon in detail.   What Is Digital Minimalism? In a Café or L’Absinthe, Edgar Degas, 1875-76. Source: Wikimedia Commons   Digital minimalism is a way of life: using technology with purpose and intent. Every app, each notification, and each device serving something is nothing more and nothing less than this.   In essence, it is not about abstaining from using technology but about gaining back one’s control. Instead of being controlled by the screen, you do this at your own free will.   The idea comes from minimalism, a philosophy …

Gilles Deleuze Really Admired Egyptian Art and Its Resilience

Nietzsche’s Eternal Recurrence: A Metaphor for Embracing Life

Published: Sep 12, 2026written by James Leigh, MA Philosophy Summary Nietzsche’s eternal recurrence is a thought experiment, not a literal theory, that challenges you to live a life you would willingly repeat eternally, a concept he called “the greatest weight.” Unlike reincarnation, Nietzsche’s concept proposes an exact repetition of life without any alteration or deviation, meaning every joy and pain. The ideal reaction to this thought experiment is “amor fati,” or a “love of fate,” which involves accepting all of life’s sorrows as the necessary price for its joys. This act of life affirmation, or “Bejahung,” contrasts with philosophies he considered life-denying, such as Christianity, which focuses on an afterlife. Show more   Nietzsche’s idea concerning eternal recurrence, the idea that life repeats eternally, was far from unique, but it formed the foundation of much of his philosophy. But did he mean us literally or metaphorically? And what implications does it have for his broader ideas?   The Demon’s Question: Nietzsche’s Eternal Recurrence Portrait of Friedrich Nietzsche by Curt Stoeving, c. 1894. Source: Bildnis Friedrich …

Gilles Deleuze Really Admired Egyptian Art and Its Resilience

Carl Jung’s Theory of Archetypes Explained

Summary Carl Jung proposes that archetypes are universal, inherited patterns from a collective unconscious. These innate symbols and motifs influence human behavior, thoughts, and experiences. Major archetypes include the Persona, our social mask, the Shadow, our repressed traits, the Anima and Animus, our inner feminine and masculine principles, and the Self, which represents wholeness. These archetypes are found in myths, dreams, and literature, which is why ancient myths and stories from other cultures resonate across time and space. Despite their influence, in everything from storytelling to therapeutic approaches, Jung’s ideas have been criticized as unscientific and unconfirmable. Show more   Carl Jung’s theory of archetypes examines the collective unconscious to investigate shared symbols and patterns that influence human behavior and experiences. According to Jung, comprehending archetypes is crucial for making sense of ourselves and our world. They provide a framework for how we think, feel, and act, enabling deeper self-understanding.     Jungian Archetypes: Quick Reference Archetype Core Idea Typical Symbols Persona The social mask, or how we present to others Masks, uniforms, mirrors Shadow …

Gilles Deleuze Really Admired Egyptian Art and Its Resilience

8 Famous Philosophy Quotes That Can Change Your Life

Summary Eight famous philosophy quotes, from Socrates’ “unexamined life” to Descartes’ proof of existence, showing how ancient wisdom can change your perspective. Philosophers like Tenzin Gyatso and Marcus Aurelius emphasize that happiness and character are not external, but come from our own actions and thoughts. Friedrich Nietzsche’s famous quote suggests that adversity makes us stronger, while Heraclitus reminds us that change is the only constant, encouraging resilience and adaptability. Jean-Paul Sartre argues that humans are “condemned to be free” and thus responsible for their choices, while Albert Camus suggests finding fulfillment in the struggle itself. Socrates’s assertion that the “unexamined life is not worth living” serves as a foundational theme, urging continuous self-reflection to develop wisdom and live purposefully. Show more   Philosophy can influence how we see the world, question our beliefs, and develop as individuals. In this post, we look at eight well-known philosophical quotes that might alter your outlook on life. These pieces of wisdom from some of history’s greatest thinkers provide guidance, contemplation, and inspiration about what it means to be …