A Reparative Approach to the Injustices of Displacement
The situations of refugees and displaced people cry out for moral repair. Uprooted by severe threats to their lives and liberty, they are forced to undertake perilous journeys only to face either the limbo of encampment or insecurity in urban settings in the global South, or to encounter frequently hostile asylum systems in the global North. While some eventually gain protection, very many live indefinitely without the “minimum conditions of human dignity.” This is a large-scale global crisis: As of June 2025, there were 42.5 million refugees (a figure that does not include the larger number of people displaced within the borders of their states of origin). The causes of this displacement and the range of actors responsible vary considerably. Some are uprooted primarily by local or domestic factors, such as governmental campaigns of persecution. The flight of others is provoked by the actions of external states, as displacement prompted by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine demonstrates. In a globalized world, many cases of displacement are the product of a complex interplay between domestic and international …

