All posts tagged: APA

When Should We Argue? | Blog of the APA

When Should We Argue? | Blog of the APA

Don’t feed the trolls arguments. When someone is wrong—on the Internet or in the coffee shop—the temptation to engage can be strong, even though it often seems futile. While it can be satisfying and illuminating to argue with friends and some other people with whom we share some degree of trust, arguments with family members, acquaintances, and Internet strangers seem more often to harden positions and risk undermining the knowledge of third parties than to illuminate. Engaging may actually be more effective than it appears. Political partisans do seem to respond to argument; their response is often invisible to us because it is (perhaps rationally) often very small. Given enough evidence, even conspiracy theorists seem to be moved significantly. Argument, even argument with committed partisans, is certainly not always futile. On some topics, though, argument does seem futile. Why? One reason often given is that conspiracy theories and committed partisans often don’t hold their views for reasons. Rather, their views reflect emotional commitments or are a reflection of their identity. Argument and the exchange of …

Feeling Like Oneself | Blog of the APA

Feeling Like Oneself | Blog of the APA

When I was at graduate school I read a passage from John Campbell that lodged itself somewhere in my brain, where it has remained ever since like a philosophical earworm. This is it: “Our commonsense picture of the causation of conscious thought is that it depends on a background of beliefs, desires and interests, most of which are not themselves conscious at any one time. For example, if you are idly looking out of the window, your idle thoughts will be about people you know or plans you have. Of course, seeing something unexpected, as you look out of the window, can be the cause which opens up new trains of thought. But which trains of thought are opened up will depend on your particular background of beliefs, desires, and interests. Different people could see the same thing yet have quite different thoughts in consequence. This dependence of which thoughts you have on your underlying psychology has to do with our sense of ownership of thoughts: that the particular thoughts you have belong to you…” …

Meet the APA: Asha Bhandary

Meet the APA: Asha Bhandary

Asha Bhandary is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Iowa. She works in social and political philosophy as a feminist philosopher. Through her books and articles, she advances a theory called intersectional liberalism, which is a liberal political theory that values personal autonomy while addressing the human needs for care and belonging. She also serves as chair of the APA Committee on Asian and Asian American Philosophers and Philosophies, where one of her main initiatives has been to support Asian American feminism. What is your work about? In Being at Home: Living Autonomously in an Unjust World, I reimagine liberal philosophy through the lens of intersectionality, showing how race, gender, and caregiving relationships must reshape our understanding of autonomy. As the first care-responsive theory of liberalism to address intersectionality and racism, it makes a unique contribution, reorienting debates about autonomy in liberalism, multiculturalism, and feminist care theory when the “normative subject”—the subject whose experiences informed the idealizations embedded in the conception of the person in the theory—is a biracial woman of color, an Asian woman …

APA Member Interview: Shaun Gallagher

APA Member Interview: Shaun Gallagher

The APA Blog is publishing excerpts from Cliff Sosis’s long-form interviews with philosophers, which appear at his blog, What Is It Like to Be a Philosopher? The excerpts below are from an interview originally published on October 27, 2025 and reprinted with permission from Cliff Sosis. In this interview, Shaun Gallagher, Lillian and Morrie Moss Professor of Philosophy at the University of Memphis, talks about growing up in Philly, Catholic school, summer on the Jersey shore, considering becoming a cowboy (or philosopher), JFK, Janis Joplin, studying theology as an undergrad at St. Columban’s, Vietnam and institutional religion, bad faith and existentialism, a stint as a private detective, pursuing his PhD at Bryn Mawr, summers in Ireland (where his parents were from), working with José Ferrater-Mora, Merleau-Ponty, becoming more aware of the relevance of science, his first publication, getting eight interviews at the APA smoker and one job offer, phenomenology, cognitive science, and the value of interdisciplinary approaches, embodied, embedded, extended, and enactive cognition, what drives him, Parmenides, and the meaning of life… What was your earliest …

Writing Matters | Blog of the APA

Writing Matters | Blog of the APA

Does writing have a future? This eerily prophetic question was posed by media theorist and phenomenologist Vilém Flusser back in 1987. Amidst the ever-expanding use of GenAI in scholarly writing, it is indeed a question that educators are confronted with today. On the one hand, GenAI offers visions of a hopeful future, as it is a powerful tool that enables us to more clearly articulate our thoughts to others. At the same time, the very fact of having to put thoughts down on paper is surely still a crucial skill, one that risks disappearing altogether. As I’ve written about elsewhere, the very existence of GenAI has no doubt forced educators on both sides of the debate to think carefully about what it is that we value as scholarly practices. Although we often talk about GenAI as being “unprecedented,” technological transformations have already existed in embryonic forms throughout human history. The fact is, writing has never been simply an activity of an author putting thoughts on paper. It has always been mediated by various technologies of …

APA Member Interviews, Sharon Crasnow

APA Member Interviews, Sharon Crasnow

Sharon Crasnow works on epistemological issues in the methodology of the social sciences. Her focus is primarily on feminist epistemology and philosophy of science and conceptual and measurement issues in the social sciences. What excites you about philosophy? One of the most exciting things about philosophy is that it is a field in which you can explore almost anything. Even though much philosophy is exceedingly narrow, it doesn’t have to be! What is your favorite thing that you’ve written? I’d say that I have two favorite pieces. One is among my first publications, and the other is my most recent. The early one is “How Natural Can Ontology Be?” in Philosophy of Science, March 2000, and the recent one is “Objectivity and Measurement in Political Science,” in Philosophy of Science, 2026. These are papers for which the basic idea just came to me clearly, and although it took time to work out the details, I knew from the start what it was that I wanted to say. I still think that the main idea in …

APA Member Interview, Chloe W. Chang

APA Member Interview, Chloe W. Chang

{“ARInfo”:{“IsUseAR”:false},”Version”:”1.0.0″,”MakeupInfo”:{“IsUseMakeup”:false},”FaceliftInfo”:{“IsChangeEyeLift”:false,”IsChangeFacelift”:false,”IsChangePostureLift”:false,”IsChangeNose”:false,”IsChangeFaceChin”:false,”IsChangeMouth”:false,”IsChangeThinFace”:false},”BeautyInfo”:{“SwitchMedicatedAcne”:false,”IsAIBeauty”:false,”IsBrightEyes”:false,”IsSharpen”:false,”IsOldBeauty”:false,”IsReduceBlackEyes”:false},”HandlerInfo”:{“AppName”:2},”FilterInfo”:{“IsUseFilter”:false}} Chloe Wanghuige Chang was a manager in the business and fashion industry, but always felt that something was missing in her pursuit, until she discovered that her true passion lay in the search for the meaning of human existence. This realization led her to make a radical shift from business to study philosophy, focusing on existential questions in the digital age. Website: https://chloechang-dotcom.github.io/clo.github.io/ Institution: San Jose State University – Philosophy Department https://www.sjsu.edu/philosophy/ What are you working on right now? I am currently developing my philosophical work with the aim of inspiring people to discover their own authentic being, especially at a time when the rapid development of AI is reshaping how we understand ourselves. By reflecting on human existence and our relationship with AI and computing, I hope to encourage others to find inner value and peace rather than grounding their lives in the external or material world. What is your favorite thing that you’ve written? The paper is about how social media increasingly fills the gap between the present moment and its anticipated …

Gratitude, Belonging, and Philosophy | Blog of the APA

Gratitude, Belonging, and Philosophy | Blog of the APA

I came to philosophy somewhat by accident. I am from a bureaucratic, military-dominated area of Northern Virginia; almost everyone I went to high school with went into IT, the military, defense R&D, or sales. When I was invited to an after-school seminar club, “The Dead Philosophers’ Society,” by a history-buff friend of mine, I initially resisted (writing this, I now realize I still have never seen Dead Poets’ Society). I had no idea what an after-school seminar discussing ‘philosophy’ entailed; I did not even know what the involved questions would be. I am glad I went, in part because I quickly realized there was something very interesting here, even if the other high schoolers did not know much, either. The initial session was not very organized, but the idea of the group was student-led discussions on various topics. The first day was deciding the future topics, of which “ethics” was chosen. So, I became interested in what “ethics” even was. Exploring online, I found what would be my philosophical starting point: John Stuart Mill. The …

APA Member Interview, Christian Culak

APA Member Interview, Christian Culak

Christian Culak is a moral philosopher concurrently lecturing at Texas A&M University-San Antonio and the University of Texas at San Antonio. When he’s not corrupting the youth in academia, he’s corrupting musical genres with his personal music project. What are you working on right now? Currently I’m working on a virtue ethics approach to the issue of whether examples of moral badness should be allowed in machine learning with artificial moral agents. Motivating the side that we should do so is of special interest to me, with a focus on actions that are not wrong yet worse than morally indifferent. What do you like to do outside work? Music! Since 2013, I’ve had a DIY solo musical project called Culak. It’s mostly metal but aimed at conveying multifaceted experiences, which leads me to incorporate instruments that are unconventional to traditional metal like violin, synthesizer, piano, choir, and organ. One or two albums are released each year. There are 20 so far with the next fully written in pre-production. Strength training is also a hobby of …

Distracting Metaphors | Blog of the APA

Distracting Metaphors | Blog of the APA

Metaphors are great. They can make us see something in a new light: Think of universities as the beating heart of humanity and see what it does to your understanding of these institutions! Metaphors can also reduce complexity: Think of the atmosphere as a glasshouse and see how it helps your understanding of global warming! We use metaphors all the time. About every seventh lexical unit we speak or write is metaphor. But not all metaphors are great. Some make us uneasy. Holocaust metaphors, for example, often do. Should we really say, as PETA did in a notorious campaign, that we are committing the Holocaust on our plates, or that, as gay liberation activists did in the 1980s, the AIDS epidemic is the Holocaust, or that, as we sometimes do jokingly, someone is a grammar Nazi?  One source of uneasiness may be simple disagreement: one may think that there is no Holocaust on our plates, that the AIDS epidemic was a terrible tragedy but not an intentional, systematic destruction of a group, or that, while …