All posts tagged: asteroid

‘God of chaos’ asteroid Apophis will pass very close to Earth in 2029

‘God of chaos’ asteroid Apophis will pass very close to Earth in 2029

For a brief stretch on April 13, 2029, a giant space rock will slip closer to Earth than some of the satellites parked high above the planet. That object is Apophis, an asteroid once treated as a serious threat. Now it is viewed as one of the most unusual scientific opportunities in modern astronomy. Apophis is not headed for impact. That part is settled. But the asteroid’s close flyby is still extraordinary because of what Earth itself may do to it on the way past. The asteroid, officially known as 99942 Apophis, is expected to pass about 20,000 miles, or 32,000 kilometers, above Earth’s surface. At roughly 375 meters across on average, it is large enough to command attention and close enough to become visible to the naked eye in parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia, weather permitting. In fact, space agencies say it will be the closest approach of an asteroid this size that scientists have known about in advance. That makes the 2029 event more than a sky show. It turns Earth into …

After the dino-killer asteroid, rapid evolution helped life bounce back quickly

After the dino-killer asteroid, rapid evolution helped life bounce back quickly

asteroid: A rocky object in orbit around the sun. Most asteroids orbit in a region that falls between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Astronomers refer to this region as the asteroid belt. atmosphere: The envelope of gases surrounding Earth, another planet or a moon. average: (in science) A term for the arithmetic mean, which is the sum of a group of numbers that is then divided by the size of the group. biology: The study of living things. The scientists who study them are known as biologists. Chicxulub: The name given an asteroid (or possibly a comet) that crashed into Earth around 66 million years ago. It left a crater more than 180 kilometers (110 miles) wide near the town of Chicxulub in what is now Mexico. The collision released an immense amount of energy — equivalent to billions of atom bombs the size of those dropped on Japan during World War II. This event changed the planet’s climate and is widely believed to have triggered a mass extinction of species — including the …

Samples From Distant Asteroid Contain All DNA and RNA Building Blocks

Samples From Distant Asteroid Contain All DNA and RNA Building Blocks

Sign up to see the future, today Can’t-miss innovations from the bleeding edge of science and tech In June 2019, a Japanese spacecraft called Hayabusa2 touched down on Ryugu, a 3,000-foot asteroid some 185 million miles from Earth. It then proceeded to fire a metal bullet at the surface, dislodging enough material to scoop up with a special “sampling horn” to take back home to our planet. Scientists have been poring over the extremely rare samples ever since to study the near-Earth asteroid with the hope of learning about how the building blocks of planets evolved over time — and just maybe how life on our planet first came to be. The latest findings, published in the journal Nature Astronomy by a team of researchers in Japan, tell a fascinating story: Ryugu appears to contain all the necessary ingredients to make the DNA and RNA underpinning life on Earth. The conclusion supports the theory that errant space rocks like Ryugu could have brought life to Earth billions of years ago. “Their detection in Ryugu strongly …

We’ve spotted a huge asteroid spinning impossibly fast

We’ve spotted a huge asteroid spinning impossibly fast

Artist’s depiction of the asteroid 2025 MN45 NSF–DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory/NOIRLab/SLAC​/AURA/P. Marenfeld The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile has spotted the fastest-rotating large asteroid ever seen. Despite measuring more than half a kilometre across, this asteroid spins about once every 1.9 minutes – a speed once thought to be impossible. Dmitrii Vavilov at the University of Washington in Seattle and his colleagues found this asteroid, along with several other surprisingly speedy rotators, in the data from Rubin’s first nine nights of observations in late April and early May 2025. Vavilov presented the results at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Texas on 17 March. In that observation period, the researchers identified 76 asteroids for which they could reliably calculate rotational periods, with 19 of those being so-called super-fast rotators, spinning once every 2.2 hours or faster. That figure is the limit of how fast a “rubble pile” asteroid, made up of many smaller rocks loosely held together by gravity, can spin without falling apart. The vast majority of asteroids are thought to …

Private company to land on asteroid Apophis as it flies close to Earth

Private company to land on asteroid Apophis as it flies close to Earth

An artist’s impression of an asteroid flying near Earth Erik Simonsen/Getty Images Two landers from a private US company will be part of an armada to asteroid Apophis when it flies past Earth in 2029. Apophis, about 400 metres across, was discovered in 2004. Initial calculations showed it had an alarmingly high chance of hitting Earth – up to 2.7 per cent – in April 2029, in which case it could destroy an area the size of a city. Later refinements showed there was no chance of impact for at least 100 years. Nevertheless, on 13 April 2029, the asteroid will pass extremely close to Earth, just 32,000 kilometres away, closer than geostationary satellites and near enough that it will be visible to the naked eye, a once-in-thousands-of-years event for an asteroid of this size. Multiple spacecraft from the US, Europe, Japan and China are planning to study the asteroid before, during and after the flyby. Among those missions, the US company ExLabs has announced that its mothership spacecraft, called ApophisExL, passed a key review …

Every building block of DNA and RNA has been found on an asteroid

Every building block of DNA and RNA has been found on an asteroid

A rock measuring 900 meters is on a journey through our solar system, providing what is arguably one of the strongest pieces of evidence yet that life originated from outside of planet Earth. Scientists from a Japanese research group published their findings in the journal Nature Astronomy. They verified, through analyses of material taken from the asteroid Ryugu, that all five nucleobases—the molecular components that contain the genetic information of both DNA and RNA—exist in all samples from Ryugu. This was not totally unexpected. Over two years ago, when uracil was discovered in one of the Ryugu samples, a more complete picture began to emerge. Now, there is confirmation of five nucleobases in total: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil. These originated from less than one teaspoon of asteroidal material that has traveled over 300 million kilometers to Earth. According to Prof. Toshiki Koga, from the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology and the senior author of this study, the existence of these nucleobases means that “primitive asteroids may be capable of synthesizing and …

The asteroid Ryugu has all of the main ingredients for life

The asteroid Ryugu has all of the main ingredients for life

Ryugu is an asteroid that sometimes passes close to Earth JAXA All five of the main ingredients for DNA and RNA have been found in samples from the asteroid Ryugu. This strengthens the idea that asteroids may have brought the ingredients for the first living organisms to Earth long ago. Japan’s Hayabusa 2 spacecraft visited Ryugu in 2018, where it shot two projectiles – one small and one large – into the surface of the asteroid and collected the resulting debris. It arrived back at Earth with the samples in 2020 and researchers have been analysing these in detail ever since. Yasuhiro Oba at Hokkaido University in Japan and his colleagues examined two samples, one from the asteroid’s surface and one comprised of subsurface materials excavated by the projectiles. In both, the team found all five primary nucleobases, which are the compounds that make up the nucleic acids DNA and RNA when combined with sugars and phosphoric acid. This isn’t the first time that nucleobases have been found in asteroid samples: they have been seen …

NASA says they knocked asteroid off its course

NASA says they knocked asteroid off its course

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Asteroid 2024 YR4 once feared to strike the Moon now appears harmless

Asteroid 2024 YR4 once feared to strike the Moon now appears harmless

Initially, much uncertainty surrounded the flight path of the space rock known as 2024 YR4, a small asteroid that has recently become an object of much scientific attention. 2024 YR4, measuring between 174 and 220 feet, was once thought likely to collide with Earth’s Moon in December 2032. Early estimates showed around a 4.3% chance of impact. However, through consideration of new observations made with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), scientists have since eliminated this potential collision. The JWST’s measurements show that the asteroid will safely fly by the Moon in December 2032, missing by approximately 13,200 miles (or about 21,200 km). Using two sets of data taken by the JWST’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) on February 18, 2026, and February 26, 2026, scientists from NASA’s Center for Near-Earth Object Studies at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory were able to refine the asteroid’s trajectory and eliminate the possibility of impact with either the Moon or Earth. The asteroid will pass by the Moon without impacting it on 22 December 2032. Animation of asteroid 2024 YR4’s potential …

Asteroid Ryugu fragments carry a magnetic record from the birth of the solar system

Asteroid Ryugu fragments carry a magnetic record from the birth of the solar system

A small, round piece of asteroid Ryugu (sample #91), called “S-lunar,” contains tiny particles (less than 1 mm) that will allow planetary scientists to study the magnetic signature of the early solar system. Using advanced magnetic techniques, the research team had previously detected several faint but measurable magnetic signatures emanating from the S-lunar particle. These features were present when the solar system was forming. The research team now provides more evidence to support the previously established hypothesis that the S-lunar particles contain the original magnetization caused by the fields present at the time of the solar nebula’s formation. They also demonstrate that many S-lunar particles have been impacted by the same natural remanent magnetization (NRM) mechanism. “Our sensitive magnetic measurements on these microsamples allowed us to clarify and reconcile the various interpretations of the experimental data previously reported by other research groups,” Sato said. “These data represent valuable evidence toward understanding how the early solar system evolved.” Interpretation of magnetic measurements. (a) Typical coercivity ranges of magnetic minerals for coarse grained magnetite, framboidal magnetite, and …