All posts tagged: Extreme

how extreme personalities view their friends’ humor

how extreme personalities view their friends’ humor

Social relationships form the foundational infrastructure of human well-being and psychological health. Strong connections help protect against daily stress and build lifelong emotional resilience. Conversely, social isolation is tied to a host of physical and mental health vulnerabilities. While familial interactions and romantic bonds see plenty of academic attention, platonic friendships are just as vital to a long and healthy life. Friendships offer unique psychological benefits compared to other types of social ties. Relationships with relatives often carry rigid biological or cultural obligations, and romantic partnerships are typically weighted with intense emotional expectations. A platonic friendship is a lower-pressure environment where people can engage in voluntary self-disclosure. These relationships provide a safe arena to practice social skills and find comfortable, judgment-free companionship. Because establishing a friendship is an entirely voluntary process, a major ingredient in building that relationship is perceived similarity. People naturally gravitate toward strangers who share their personal values, core beliefs, and behavioral quirks. Once a bond is established, friends tend to naturally evaluate each other as being much like themselves. However, specialized …

Anthropic Opposes the Extreme AI Liability Bill That OpenAI Backed

Anthropic Opposes the Extreme AI Liability Bill That OpenAI Backed

Anthropic has come out against a proposed Illinois law backed by OpenAI that would shield AI labs from liability if their systems are used to cause large-scale harm, like mass casualties or more than $1 billion in property damage. The fight over the state bill, SB 3444, is drawing new battlelines between Anthropic and OpenAI over how AI technologies should be regulated. While AI policy experts say that the legislation only has a remote chance of becoming law, it has nonetheless exposed political divisions between two leading US AI labs that could become increasingly important as the rival companies ramp up their lobbying activity across the country. Behind the scenes, Anthropic has been lobbying state Senator Bill Cunningham, SB 3444’s sponsor, and other Illinois lawmakers to either make major changes to the bill or kill it as it stands, according to people familiar with the matter. In an email to WIRED, an Anthropic spokesperson confirmed the company’s opposition to SB 3444, and said it has held promising conversations with Cunningham about using the bill as …

Extreme athletes just helped scientists unlock a deep evolutionary secret about human survival

Extreme athletes just helped scientists unlock a deep evolutionary secret about human survival

A new study published in Evolutionary Human Sciences provides evidence that when the human body undergoes extreme physical stress, it tends to prioritize immune defense over other basic biological functions like reproduction and tissue repair. These findings suggest that our evolutionary biology programmed us to allocate limited energy toward immediate survival needs during periods of intense exhaustion. This research helps scientists better understand the deep roots of human adaptability and energy management. Scientists conducted this research to test a core idea in biology known as life history theory. This theory proposes that all organisms have a limited pool of energy, which they must divide among competing biological needs. These needs generally include defense, physical maintenance, energy storage, and reproduction. During periods of severe energy shortage, the body must make biological trade-offs to survive. The prevailing idea suggests that limited resources are diverted to bodily systems that offer the greatest immediate survival benefit. While biologists have documented these biological trade-offs in animals like insects and birds, clear evidence in humans has been scarce. Observational studies in …

Can psychological resilience prevent extreme social withdrawal?

Can psychological resilience prevent extreme social withdrawal?

Extreme social withdrawal is becoming a recognized issue among young adults around the world. A recent study suggests that a person’s ability to cope with stress blocks the path from depressive symptoms to severe isolation. The research was published in the journal BMC Psychology. The term hikikomori originated in Japan in the late 1990s. It describes a condition where people intentionally withdraw from everyday life. People experiencing this state often confine themselves to their homes or bedrooms for six months or longer. Originally, experts thought this behavior was unique to Japanese culture. Recent global data paints a different picture. Estimates suggest that nearly eight percent of people worldwide might experience this type of severe social withdrawal. The shift from a localized issue to a global one has prompted mental health professionals to look for shared psychological triggers. Structural changes in modern society seem to play a major role in this growing trend. Shifting economic conditions and highly competitive educational environments create immense pressure on young people. The normalization of digital communication and online living also …

Extreme heats leaves California mountains in a snow drought

Extreme heats leaves California mountains in a snow drought

California’s snowpack is supposed to reach its peak April 1, but when state surveyors went out Wednesday for their final snow survey of the year near Lake Tahoe, they found only some sparse patches of snow on the bare grass. “We’re calling today’s measurement zero,” said Andy Reising, manager of snow surveys for the California Department of Water Resources. “It came off really fast.” Snow across California’s Sierra Nevada is at just 18% of average — the second smallest since 1950. A month of record-shattering heat thawed the snow and sent runoff coursing into streams and rivers, leaving only minimal water in the mountains as the state heads into dry season. Scientists say this is exactly what climate change looks like, and it’s compounding the water problems of California and other Western states. The early melt reflects a long-term pattern that is becoming more pronounced as temperatures rise. “This particular year is as clear an indication of the influence of climate change as anything we’ve seen,” said Peter Gleick, a leading water scientist and co-founder …

Los Alamos neutron detector boosts accuracy in extreme radiation

Los Alamos neutron detector boosts accuracy in extreme radiation

A research team at Los Alamos National Laboratory has unveiled a new neutron detector designed to deliver accurate measurements across a wide range of radiation conditions, addressing long-standing technical and supply challenges in neutron detection. The system, known as the Integrated Composite Optical Neutron Sensor (ICONS), is currently patent-pending and is intended to operate reliably in both low-background environments and high-radiation settings. The development reflects growing demand for tools that can measure neutrons with precision in applications ranging from nuclear security to advanced energy research. Addressing a persistent measurement problem Accurately measuring neutrons has historically been difficult due to the nature of the particles themselves. Unlike charged particles, neutrons do not interact easily with matter, making detection inherently complex. The challenge is compounded by environmental variability: in some scenarios, neutron levels are extremely low, while in others they spike dramatically. Background radiation adds another layer of difficulty. Gamma radiation, which often accompanies neutron emissions, can obscure signals and lead to inaccurate readings in conventional systems. As a result, neutron detection technologies must be both highly …

I took a city e-bike out extreme off-roading. Here’s what happened

I took a city e-bike out extreme off-roading. Here’s what happened

I’m very much among those who believe “the correct number of e-bikes to have is N+1”. But I’m also a realist (and one who knows that happy wife equals happy life), and so I recognize that we often have to make due with the bike we have. And it was in that vein that I thought it’d be fun to take a city-focused electric bicycle on an off-road trip to see how it would handle. I wanted to show, or perhaps just prove to myself, that my everyday beater city e-bike could perform where you might think a dedicated electric mountain bike or fat tire e-bike would be a necessity. And if I’m being completely honest with myself, I wound up in a bit over my head. But all is well that ends well, and here I am the next day, slightly sore, but still able to type it out. This all started because I wanted to get out of the city on a rainy day and go on a solo day hike somewhere with …

The Effects of Extreme Heat on the Brain

The Effects of Extreme Heat on the Brain

Although the large majority of climate scientists hold firmly to the belief that the climate is heating up at an unsustainable rate, an undetermined segment of the population is convinced that global warming worries are overblown—a belief that runs counter to demonstrable scientific evidence, as well as everyday observation. In 1988, experts testified before Congress in the first congressional hearing about climate change. Every year in the 21st century has been hotter than 1988, with each decade hotter than the previous. The last three years, from 2023 to 2025, were the hottest in recorded history, dating from 1850, when sufficient direct measurements by instruments (thermometers) allowed an estimate of temperature. The last 11 years have included all of the warmest years observed using instrumental methods. But one does not have to look at extreme temperature elevations to encounter convincing evidence that even less extreme examples affect the smooth operation of the human brain. If we stick to temperatures we’ve already experienced, especially in 2023, 2024, and 2025, there is more than enough to worry about. …

The extreme male brain theory of autism applies more strongly to females

The extreme male brain theory of autism applies more strongly to females

A recent study published in Autism Research suggests that the cognitive shifts associated with autism are significantly larger in females than in males. The findings provide evidence that females may need a greater biological push to develop autism, which helps explain why the condition is diagnosed much more frequently in boys. These insights clarify the psychological differences underlying the male-biased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder. The extreme male brain theory of autism was originally proposed by psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen at the University of Cambridge. This theory suggests that autism represents an exaggeration of typical male cognitive traits. Specifically, it points to a profile of relatively low empathy, known as empathizing, and a high interest in analyzing or constructing rule-based structures, known as systemizing. Empathizing involves the ability to recognize and respond to the feelings of others. Systemizing is the drive to understand non-social systems, such as mathematics, computer code, or mechanical devices. According to the extreme male brain theory, elevated exposure to testosterone in the womb tends to shift brain development toward this highly systemizing …