The Clean Energy Transition as a European transformative strategy
Stella Tsani, Associate Professor Department of Economics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, explores the necessity of collaboration and equality in the Clean Energy Transition. Europe’s clean energy transition is accelerating. In 2025, wind and solar reached 30% of EU electricity, overtaking for the first time fossil power (29%). Yet the benefits and costs of decarbonisation remain unevenly distributed across regions and communities. In 2025, 92.7 million people in the EU (20.9% of the population) were at risk of poverty or social exclusion. Europe’s energy transition will succeed only if it strengthens social cohesion, industrial competitiveness and inclusive governance. Fairness and cohesion-oriented policies and investments for a successful energy transition The European Union has made significant progress towards clean energy transition. Renewable energy deployment is accelerating, fossil fuel dependence is declining, and clean technologies are reshaping the industrial systems. Yet the transition remains highly uneven across European regions. Coal-dependent areas, carbon-intensive industrial clusters and rural communities continue to face disproportionate economic and social pressures linked to decarbonisation. The challenges of the energy transition in …








